SAFMEDS Deck

Question 1

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Answer 1

The branch of behavior analysis that applies principles to solve practical problems and improve socially significant behaviors in various contexts such as increasing productivity or enhancing quality of life
(The applied side solving real world problems using behavior science.)

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

Everything an organism does including both overt actions and covert processes like thinking
(Behavior includes anything observable or not like talking or ing.)

Question 3

Behavior Analysis

Answer 3

The scientific study of behavior including its principles processes and applications with a focus on understanding and improving behavior
(Its the field studying behavior patterns to understand and improve them.)

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

A term that refers to the scientific philosophy of behavior analysis
(It as the philosophy behind behavior science what we can see and measure matters most.)

Question 5

Conditioned

Answer 5

A naturally occurring reflexive behavioral response previously in an organisms repertoire that comes under the control of a stimulus
(Conditioned equals learned pavlovs dog learning that a bell means food.)

Question 6

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

Answer 6

A scientific method designed to discover the functional relation between behavior and the variables that control it
(Its the lab science part of behavior analysis tight control discovery.)

Question 7

Learning

Answer 7

The acquisition maintenance and change of an organisms behavior as a result of lifetime events
(Learning changes behavior use this to track growth or therapy progress.)

Question 8

Operant

Answer 8

Behavior that operates on the environment to produce a change effect or consequence
(Operant equals active the learner does something to get a result.)

Question 9

Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

A type of learning where behavior is controlled by its consequences such as reinforcement or punishment which influences the likelihood of the behavior being repeated
(Operant like operator you operate on the environment to get results.)

Question 10

Private Behavior

Answer 10

Behavior that is only accessible to the person who emits it
(Private means internal like thoughts or feelings only the person can observe them.)

Question 11

Reflex

Answer 11

When an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response us to ur the relationship is called a reflex
(Knee jerk automatic unlearned response.)

Question 12

Respondent

Answer 12

Behavior that is elicited by a specific stimulus
(Its involuntary behavior triggered by something like fear from a loud noise.)

Question 13

Respondent Conditioning

Answer 13

Occurs when an organism responds to a new event based on a history of pairing with a biologically important stimulus
(Associate two stimuli like lightning and thunder making someone flinch at just lightning.)

Question 14

Selection by Consequences

Answer 14

The principle that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences affecting future behavior patterns
(Behaviors survive like species only useful ones stick around.)

Question 15

Trial-and-Error Learning

Answer 15

A term coined by thorndike to describe results from his puzzle box and maze learning experiments
(Like figuring out a puzzle you learn by trying and seeing what works.)

Question 16

A-B-A-B Reversal Design

Answer 16

The most basic single-subject research design illustrating how specific features of the environment regulate an organisms behavior
(Baseline treatment baseline treatment used to show if intervention works.)

Question 17

Baseline

Answer 17

The phase of an experiment or intervention in which the behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention
(It as the before picture in an experiment no treatment yet.)

Question 18

Contingency of Reinforcement

Answer 18

The relationship between the occasion the operant class and the consequences that follow the behavior
(If then statement if behavior then consequence.)

Question 19

Three-Term Contingency

Answer 19

The basic unit of analysis in behavior analysis consisting of three components the discriminative stimulus sd the behavior r and the consequence sr
(Sd behavior consequence classic behavior chain.)

Question 20

Dependent Variable

Answer 20

The variable that is measured in an experiment commonly called an effect
(What you measure did the behavior change.)

Question 21

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer 21

An event or stimulus that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for operant behavior
(It signals when a behavior will lead to reinforcement like a green light tells you to go.)

Question 22

Emitted

Answer 22

A term used to describe operant behavior that occurs at some probability in the presence of a discriminative stimulus sd but is not directly triggered or forced by it
(Emitted equals voluntary behavior that comes out without being forced.)

Question 23

Environment

Answer 23

All of the events and stimuli that affect the behavior of an organism including events inside the skin like thinking hormonal changes and pain stimulation
(Environment includes inner and outer experiences affecting behavior.)

Question 24

Establishing Operation

Answer 24

Any change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of some stimulus or event as reinforcement and simultaneously alters the momentary frequency of the behavior that has been followed by that reinforcement
(Changes what we want like thirst making water more reinforcing.)

Question 25

Generality

Answer 25

Term used to describe when the results of an experiment are observable in different environments organisms etc (Results apply to new places people or times key for treatment effectiveness.)

Question 26

History of Reinforcement

Answer 26

Reinforcement contingencies that an organism has been exposed to during its lifetime including changes in behavior due to such exposure (Your behavioral past shapes how you act now.)

Question 27

Independent Variable

Answer 27

Variable that is manipulated changed or controlled in an experiment commonly called a cause (The intervention or change you make to test effects.)

Question 28

Negative Reinforcer

Answer 28

Any event or stimulus that increases the probability of an operant when it is removed (It removes something bad like stopping a noise when you act.)

Question 29

Positive Reinforcer

Answer 29

Any stimulus or event that increases the probability of an operant when it is added (Adds something good like praise after effort.)

Question 30

Response Class

Answer 30

All forms of performance that have a similar function (Different actions with the same outcome like waving or saying hi to greet.)

Question 31

Steady-State Performance

Answer 31

Behavior that is stable in the sense that it does not change over time (When behavior is consistent its ready for data collection.)

Question 32

Stimulus Class

Answer 32

Stimuli that vary across physical dimensions but have a common effect on behavior (Different things that trigger the same behavior like many phones making you answer.)

Question 33

Topography

Answer 33

Refers to the physical form or characteristics of the response (A map shows shapes topography in behavior shows what the action looks like.)

Question 34

Trend (as in baseline)

Answer 34

A relatively consistent change in a data set in a single direction (Look for consistent up or down direction in the data.)

Question 35

Backward Conditioning

Answer 35

Respondent conditioning where the cs follows rather than precedes the us (Us comes before cs less effective learning pattern.)

Question 36

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 36

An arbitrary stimulus associated with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits reflexive behavior (A learned trigger like the school bell means class change.)

Question 37

Delayed Conditioning

Answer 37

A respondent conditioning procedure in which the cs is presented a few seconds before the us occurs (The cs appears just before the us best way to learn.)

Question 38

Elicited

Answer 38

Respondent cr or reflexive ur behavior is said to be elicited in the sense that it is forced by the presentation of a stimulus cs or us (Pulled out behavior automatic like a blink.)

Question 39

Habituation

Answer 39

When a us repeatedly elicits an ur the repeated presentation of the us produces a gradual decline in the magnitude of the ur (Your brain stops reacting to a ticking clock no longer a novel stimulus.)

Question 40

Ontogenetic

Answer 40

Behavior due to events that occur over the lifetime of an individual contributing to unique behavior (Learning shaped by your personal life history.)

Question 41

Phylogenetic

Answer 41

Behavior relations based on the genetic endowment of an organism present due to species history (Instinctual behaviors from evolutionary history.)

Question 42

Respondent Acquisition

Answer 42

The procedure of pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus over trials when respondent level for the cs is near zero (Learning to associate new cues with old reflexes.)

Question 43

Respondent Discrimination

Answer 43

Occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other similar events (Can tell the difference between two similar triggers.)

Question 44

Respondent Extinction

Answer 44

The procedure of presenting the cs without the us after conditioning has occurred (The response fades when the cue stops being paired.)

Question 45

Respondent Generalization

Answer 45

Occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the cs that have not been specifically trained (A response spreads to similar but new cues.)

Question 46

Respondent Level

Answer 46

The magnitude of the cr before any conditioning has taken place (Baseline of how much a stimulus triggers a response.)

Question 47

Second-Order Conditioning

Answer 47

Involves pairing two css cs1 and cs2 rather than a cs and us cs and us (Learning by linking a new cue to a learned one.)

Question 48

Simultaneous Conditioning

Answer 48

A respondent conditioning procedure where the cs and us are presented at the same moment (Cs and us happen together not as effective.)

Question 49

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 49

After a period of extinction an organisms rate of response may approach operant level (After extinction the behavior suddenly reappears.)

Question 50

Trace Conditioning

Answer 50

A respondent conditioning procedure where the cs is presented for a brief period followed by the us after some time passes (The cs ends before the us starts requires memory.)

Question 51

Unconditioned Response

Answer 51

Behavior elicited by the us which is invariant and biologically based (Built in reaction like pulling away from heat.)

Question 52

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 52

The eliciting event in a reflex which can be any environmental stimulus that produces an automatic response (Stuff that naturally triggers a reflex like food.)

Question 53

US -> UR

Answer 53

The relationship describing a reflex where an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response (Its the reflex link no learning required.)

Question 54

Functional Analysis

Answer 54

A standard assessment tool in applied behavior analysis aba research that helps identify the causes and consequences of behavior (Figure out what maintains a behavior essential in aba.)

Question 55

Single-Subject Research

Answer 55

A research method focused on observing and analyzing the behavior of individual subjects to draw conclusions about the effects of interventions and treatments (Studies one person deeply to see treatment effects.)

Question 56

Stimulus Control

Answer 56

The concept that behavior is influenced by the presence or absence of specific environmental stimuli which can increase or decrease the likelihood of certain responses (Behavior only happens when the right cue is present.)

Question 57

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer 57

A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for a specific behavior influencing the likelihood of that behavior occurring (It signals when a behavior will lead to reinforcement like a green light tells you to go.)

Question 58

Reinforcement

Answer 58

The process of increasing the probability of a behavior by presenting or removing a stimulus following the behavior (Increases behavior like attention or praise making a student participate more.)

Question 59

Punishment

Answer 59

The process of decreasing the probability of a behavior by presenting an aversive stimulus or removing a reinforcing stimulus following the behavior (Decreases behavior similar to how detention discourages tardiness.)

Question 60

Extinction

Answer 60

The process of decreasing the frequency of a behavior by ceasing to provide reinforcement or presenting an aversive stimulus (If attention used to reinforce whining stops the whining fades over time.)

Question 61

Shaping

Answer 61

A method of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior gradually guiding the behavior closer to the target (Reinforce small steps toward saying a full word.)

Question 62

Generalization

Answer 62

The transfer of learned behavior across different settings stimuli or situations where behavior is not limited to the specific conditions under which it was originally learned (If a child learns to raise their hand in class and does it at tutoring too that’s generalization.)

Question 63

Maintaining Behavior

Answer 63

The continued performance of a behavior over time often achieved through ongoing reinforcement or the presence of maintaining contingencies (What keeps the behavior going over time usually reinforcement.)