SAFMEDS Foundations Flashcards
ABA Foundations vocabulary words 60 terms in 60 seconds to promote fluency (60 cards)
1
Q
A stimulus that precedes or
accompanies a behavior and may
exert discriminative control over
that behavior
A
Antecedent
2
Q
It is a system designed to analyze
and change behavior in a precisely
measurable and accountable
manner.
A
ABA
3
Q
Repeated measures of the strength or level (e.g., frequency, intensity, rate, duration, or latency) of behavior prior to the introduction of an experimental variable.
A
Baseline
4
Q
Any living organism’s directly
measurable actions or physical
functions, including both saying and
doing.
A
Behavior
5
Q
The specified dependencies or
relations between behavior and its
antecedents and consequences.
A
Contingencies
6
Q
Doctrine that acts of will, occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws.
A
Determinism
7
Q
Consists of reinforcing particular behavior(s) of a given class (or form, pattern or topography) while placing those same behaviors on extinction and/or punishing them when they fail to match performance standards or when they occur under inappropriate stimulus conditions.
A
Differential reinforcement
8
Q
A response that occurs only when
the particular SD is present.
A
Discriminated operant
9
Q
Stimuli that control behavior differentially, after having been present reliably when a response either has been reinforced, placed on extinction, or punished.
A
Discriminative stimuli (SD)
10
Q
An antecedent stimulus in the
presence of which a given response
is not likely to be reinforced.
A
S-delta
11
Q
In respondent conditioning of reflexes, a verb used to denote the effect of an antecedent conditioned or unconditioned stimulus on a conditioned or unconditioned response.
A
Elicit
12
Q
A verb that describes the occurrence
of an operant behavior.
A
Emit
13
Q
The context in which the behavior
occurs.
A
Environment
14
Q
Practices, programs, or procedures
scientifically demonstrated to be
effective with like populations.
A
Evidence-based practices
15
Q
A theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction between function and the survival value of the function.
A
Selectionism
16
Q
A scientific method designed to
discover the functional relation
between behavior and the variables
that control it.
A
Experimental analysis of
behavior
17
Q
The diminished rate (or eventual total absence) of a behavior, resulting from the discontinuation of reinforcement contingent on a particular target behavior.
A
Extinction
18
Q
A predictable, temporary increase in
the rate, variability, and intensity of
an array of (presumably previously
reinforced) responses.
A
Extinction burst
19
Q
Includes the following elements: motivating or establishing operations, antecedent stimuli (discriminative stimuli), responses (behaviors), and consequences.
A
Four term contingency
20
Q
A lawful relation between values of
two variables.
A
Functional relation
21
Q
The spread of effects to other classes of behavior, when one class of behavior is modified by reinforcement, extinction, and so on. The shift in the form or topography of a behavior.
A
Response generalization
22
Q
The occurrences of the response in the presence of antecedent stimuli sharing certain characteristics with those previously correlated with reinforcement.
A
Stimulus generalization
23
Q
Effective for a wide range of behaviors as a result of having been paired with a variety of previously established reinforcers (primary and conditioned).
A
Generalized reinforcer
24
Q
A schedule of reinforcement in
which some, but not all, of the
occurrences of a response are
reinforced.
A
Intermittent
reinforcement
25
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A schedule according to which
reinforcers are presented contingent
on the first response emitted
following an interval of a constant
time period.
```
Fixed interval schedule
26
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A schedule according to which
reinforcers are presented contingent
on the first response emitted
following the completion of intervals
averaging a specific time period.
```
Variable interval schedule
27
Any enduring change in behavior
produced as a function of the
interaction between the behavior
and the environment.
Learning
28
```
A restriction placed on an interval
schedule requiring that to be eligible
for reinforcement, the primed
response (the first response
following termination of the required
interval) must occur within a specific
span of time following that interval.
```
Limited hold
29
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A description of a phenomenon
according to which organisms
distribute their responses according
to the proportion of payoff during
choice situations.
```
Matching Law
30
```
Antecedent events that (a) change
the value of the consequence, or, (b)
along with the immediate
discriminative stimulus (SD), may
alter the relative frequency or
probability of behavior.
```
Motivating operation
31
A schedule of reinforcement
requiring a specific number of
responses be emitted for
reinforcement.
Fixed ratio schedule
32
```
The reinforcer is presented on a
fixed-time (FT) or variable-time (VT)
schedule of reinforcement,
regardless of the client’s actions at
the time.
```
Noncontingent
| reinforcement
33
```
The strength (e.g., rate or duration)
of behavior prior to any known or
designed conditioning.
```
Operant level
34
A reductive procedure composed of
a relevant and educative form of
contingent exertion.
Overcorrection
35
Requires the individual to restore
the environment to a state
substantially improved from that
which existed prior to the act.
Restitution
36
Requires the individual repeatedly to
practice a positive alternative
behavior.
Positive practice
37
The simplest theory that fits the
facts of a problem is the one that
should be evaluated before moving
to a more complex explanation
Parsimony
38
The extent to which a learner
continues to perform the target
behavior after a portion or all of the
intervention has been removed.
Maintenance
39
```
A stimulus, such as an object or
event, that follows or is presented as
a consequence of a response and
results in the rate of that response
increasing or maintaining.
```
Positive reinforcer
40
Statement that contingent access to
higher-probability behavior
(“preferred activities”) reinforces
lower-probability behavior.
Premack Principle
41
A stimulus that, when presented
immediately following a response,
effects a reduction in the rate of the
response.
Punisher
42
An event occurring contingent on a
response that decreases the future
probability of the response.
Punishment
43
A process in which a behavior is
strengthened as a function of an
event that occurs as a consequence
of, or contingent on, the response.
Reinforcement
44
A specific behavioral consequence,
the addition of which functions, to
increase or maintain the rate of a
behavior.
Reinforcer
45
To repeat or duplicate an
experimental procedure, usually to
demonstrate its reliability by
reproducing the results.
Replication
46
The composite set of behaviors
controlled by a particular reinforcing
or punishing event.
Response class
47
```
A reductive procedure in which a
specified quantity of available
reinforcers are contingently
withdrawn following the response,
resulting in a decrease in the rate of
the response.
```
Response cost
48
The recurrence of previously
reinforced behavior when a target,
or dominant, behavior is placed on
extinction.
Resurgence
49
The rule followed by the
environment that determines which
among the many occurrences of a
response will be reinforced.
Schedule of reinforcement
50
A specific or combination of physical
objects or events, (stimuli), which
affect the behavior of an individual.
Stimulus
51
A group of antecedent stimuli that
have a common effect on an
operant class.
Stimulus class
52
```
The process that enables an
antecedent to gain control over one
or more particular behaviors as a
function of the individual’s
experience of responseconsequence correlation in the
presence of that antecedent.
```
Stimulus control
53
A philosophic position asserting that
the truth value of a statement is
determined by how well it promoted
effective action
Pragmatism
54
```
A procedure in which access to
varied sources of reinforcement is
removed or reduced for a particular
time period contingent on an
unwanted response, for the purpose
or reducing the rate of the response.
```
Time out
55
Behavior under the control of as
rules and instructions, rather than
behavior shaped by reinforcing or
aversive consequences.
Rule governed behavior
56
A statement of the anticipated
outcome of a presently unknown or
future measurement.
Prediction
57
```
A form of behaviorism that attempts
to understand all human behavior,
including private events such as
thoughts & feelings in terms of
controlling variables in the history of
the person and species.
```
Radical behaviorism
58
The objective observation of the
| phenomena of interest.
Empiricism
59
A schedule of reinforcement
requiring a varying number of
responses for reinforcement.
Variable ratio schedule
60
An attitude that the truthfulness and
validity of all scientific theory should
be continually questioned.
Philosophic doubt
