Salivary Gland

Question 1

What are the functions of saliva?

Answer 1

-speech
-mastication
-taste
-swallowing
-digestion

Question 2

What is gustin?

Answer 2

protein thought to be necessary for growth and maturation of taste buds

Question 3

What does salivary amylase degrade?

Answer 3

starch

Question 4

How does saliva help with protection ?

Answer 4

-lubricate protect lining mucosa from noxious stimuli, bacterial toxins, and minor trauma
-washing action to rid mouth of non-adherent bacteria
-clearance of sugar from mouth

Question 5

How does saliva help with buffering?

Answer 5

-prevent potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the mouth
-buffering of microbial acids (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)

Question 6

What is sialin?

Answer 6

protein that raises pH of dental plaque after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates

Question 7

What is the lysozyme activity of saliva?

Answer 7

hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall

Question 8

What is the lactoferrin activity of saliva?

Answer 8

binds free iron and thereby deprives bacteria of an essential nutrient

Question 9

What does Salivary IgA do in the saliva?

Answer 9

cause bacterial clumping

Question 10

How does saliva help to maintain the integrity of teeth?

Answer 10

calcium and phosphate ions facilitate mineralization of tooth surface

Question 11

How does saliva help with soft tissue repair?

Answer 11

have epithelial growth factor and clotting factor

Question 12

How do salivary glands form?

Answer 12

ectomesenchymal cells proliferate and grow into the underlying mesenchyme
-epithelial buds undergo histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation

Question 13

What do alveoli cells become during salivary gland formation?

Answer 13

acinar cells

Question 14

What do epithelial cords become during salivary gland development?

Answer 14

ducts

Question 15

What are the stages of salivary gland development?

Answer 15

-induction of oral epithelium by underlying ectomesenchyme
-growth of epithelial cord
-intitation of epithelial cord branching
-repetitive branching and lobule formation
-canalization of the presumptive ducts
-cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithieal cells, and ductal cells

Question 16

FGF+ EGF+ terminal bulb cells form:

Answer 16

-acinar cells
-myoepithelial cells
-duct cells

Question 17

When does the parotid gland and submandibular gland start formation?

Answer 17

6th week

Question 18

when does the sublingual gland begin formation?

Answer 18

8th week

Question 19

When do the minor salivary glands start forming?

Answer 19

10 th week

Question 20

What is the order (starting a acinius) of hierarchy of ducts?

Answer 20

-intercellular canaliculus
-intercalated ducts
-striated ducts
-excretory ducts
-terminal excretory ducts

Question 21

What does intercellular canaliculus help doing?

Answer 21

help with water passing and protein secretion

Question 22

What are myoepithelial cells (basket cells)?

Answer 22

associated with terminal end pieces and intercalated ducts
-contact and help with secretion

Question 23

What are some characterisitcs of excretory ducts?

Answer 23

flat with no villi

Question 24

What duct is associated with parotid gland?

Answer 24

stensons duct

Question 25

What duct is associated with submandibular gland?

Answer 25

whartons duct

Question 26

What duct is associated with sublingual gland?

Answer 26

bartholin duct

Question 27

What are the characteristics of parotid gland?

Answer 27

mostly serous 20% of unstimulated secretion

Question 28

When is parotid gland enlargement seen?

Answer 28

-mumps, sjorgens syndrome, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervousa, benign and malignant neoplasia

Question 29

What are the characterisitcs of submandibular gland?

Answer 29

-mixed (mostly serous) 60% of unstimulated secretion -serous demilunes

Question 30

What are the characteristics of sublingual gland?

Answer 30

-mixed (mostly mucous) -10% unstimulated secretion -serous demilunes

Question 31

What are characteristics of minor salivary glands?

Answer 31

-10% of unstimulated salivary flow -mostly mucous secretion

Question 32

What is von Ebners gland?

Answer 32

pure serous glands with circumvallate glands

Question 33

What are Blandin-nuhn glands?

Answer 33

mucoserous glands located on ventral surface of tip of tongue

Question 34

What are weber's glands?

Answer 34

mucous glands associated with pharyngeal tonsils

Question 35

What are carmalts glands?

Answer 35

muous glands on the mandibular retromolar area

Question 36

What are endocrine glands?

Answer 36

product secreted into blood and affects other cells, no ducts

Question 37

What are exocrine glands?

Answer 37

product onto a surface, usually have a duct

Question 38

What are merocrine glands?

Answer 38

little/no damage to secreting cells (salivary)

Question 39

What are apocrine glands?

Answer 39

partial injury to secreting cells (mammary)

Question 40

What are holocrine glands?

Answer 40

complete destruction of secreting cells (sebaceous)

Question 41

What are fordyce's granules?

Answer 41

not pathogenic lesions -are ectopic sebaceous glands

Question 42

What can cause nicotine stomatitis?

Answer 42

pipe smoking -hottter than other smoke

Question 43

What is a salivary gland mucocele?

Answer 43

result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into surrounding tissues -remove the duct that saliva typically leaves out of , so it builds up -numerous foamy histiocytes surrounding by granular tissue

Question 44

Where are salivary gland mucoceles the most common?

Answer 44

lips, tips of ventral surface of tongue, and soft palate

Question 45

What are ranula?

Answer 45

used to designate a mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth -most often involved with sublingual

Question 46

What is Sjorgrens syndrome?

Answer 46

chronic, systemic autoimmune disease -80-90% in middle aged females -xerostomia, xerophthalmia, or keratocinjuctivitis sicca -parotid gland swelling due to lymphocyitc and plasma cells infilatration

Question 47

What are mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenoma)?

Answer 47

benign tumor that accounts for a lot of different tumors in the salivary gladns

Question 48

What is the histology of mixed tumors?

Answer 48

-well circumscribed and encapsulated -tissue derived from mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells -keratininizing squamous cells and muscous producitng cells present

Question 49

What is mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

Answer 49

one of the most common salivary gland malignancies -most common in the parotid gland -pain or facial nerve palsy may develoop

Question 50

What is the histology of mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

Answer 50

-made of mucous producing cells and squamous epidermoid cells -abundant cellular pleomorphism and tendency to form cystuc areas within the tumor cell mass