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Histopathology > Salivary Glands & Associated Pathology (Exam III) > Flashcards

Salivary Glands & Associated Pathology (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva is involved to some degree in all of the following functions: (5)

A
  1. Speech
  2. Mastication
  3. Taste
  4. Swallowing
  5. Digestion
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2
Q

A protein thought to be necessary for growth & maturation of taste buds:

A

Gustin

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3
Q

Responsible for degrading starch in digestion:

A

Salivary amylase

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4
Q

Saliva functions in protection by lubricating the ____ from noxious stimuli, bacterial toxins and minor trauma

A

Lining mucosa

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5
Q

Saliva functions in protection by a ___ action to rid mouth of ____ bacteria

A

Washing action; non-adherent

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6
Q

A protective role of saliva is the clearance of _____ from the mouth

A

Sugars

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7
Q

Saliva plays a ____ function through the prevention of potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the moutg

A

Buffering

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8
Q

In order for most pathogenic bacteria to colonize the mouth, an ____ is required

A

Acidic pH

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9
Q

What functions in the buffering of microbial acids (2):

A
  1. Bicarb
  2. Phosphate ions
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10
Q

A protein that raises pH of dental plaque after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates:
(buffering action)

A

Sialin

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11
Q

Salivas antimicrobial action works via (3):

A
  1. Lysozymes
  2. Lactoferrin
  3. Salivary IgA
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12
Q

Contributes to antimicrobial action of saliva by hydrolyzing bacterial cell walls:

A

Lysozyme

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13
Q

Contributes to antimicrobial action of saliva by binding free iron and thereby depriving bacteria of an essential nutrient:

A

Lactoferrin

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14
Q

Contributes to antimicrobial action of saliva by causing bacterial clumping (agglutination):

A

Salivary IgA

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15
Q

_____ & ____ are ions that facilitate mineralization of tooth surface which functions in the maintenance of tooth integrity:

A

Calcium & phosphate

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16
Q

Epithelial growth factor and clotting factor are both present in saliva and function in:

A

Soft tissue repair

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17
Q

_____ dictate differentiation of oral epithelium which in turn, proliferates and grows into the underlying ______

A

Ectomesenchymal cells; mesenchyme

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18
Q

The epithelial buds during the development of salivary glands undergo ____ & ____

A

Histodifferentiation & morphodifferentiation

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19
Q

The epithelial buds during the development of salivary glands undergo histodifferentiation & morphodifferentiation to form assemblies of:

A
  1. Alveoli
  2. Epithelial cords
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20
Q

In the development of salivary glands the assemblies of alveoli (from the epithelial buds) develop into ______ and the epithelial cords develop into _____

A

Acinar cells; ducts

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21
Q

Stage of salivary gland development accomplished by underlying ectomesenchyme:

A

Induction of oral epithelium

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22
Q

Stage of salivary gland development after the induction of the oral epithelium, growth of the _____ occurs

A

Epithelial cord

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23
Q

During salivary gland development cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithelial cells & ductal cells is accomplished by:

A

FGF & EGF

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24
Q

FGF + EGF + Terminal bulb cells results in: (3)

A
  1. acinar cells
  2. myoepithelial cells
  3. Duct cells
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25
Q

The parotid & submandibular glands being to form during the ______ of embryonic development with the sublingual gland initiating development during the _______

A

6th week; 8th week

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26
Q

The minor salivary glands begin to form by the _____ of embryonic development

A

10th week

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27
Q

List what week of embryonic development the following salivary glands form:

  1. Parotid =
  2. Submandibular =
  3. Sublingual =
  4. Minor salivary glands =
A
  1. 6th week
  2. 6th week
  3. 8th week
  4. 10th week
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28
Q

The secreting unit of a salivary duct:

A

Acinus

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29
Q

Hierarchy of ducts starting at the level of the secreting unit: (5)

A
  1. Intercellular canaliculus
  2. Intercalated duct
  3. Striated duct
  4. Excretory duct (collecting duct)
  5. Terminal excretory duct
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30
Q

Myoepithelial cells of salivary glands are also called:

A

Basket cells

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31
Q

Part of salivary gland associated with terminal end pieces (acini) and intercalated ducts:

A

Myoepithelial cells

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32
Q

The parotid gland is formed from the:

A

Stenson’s duct

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33
Q

The submandibular gland is formed from the:

A

Wharton’s duct

34
Q

The sublingual gland is formed from the:

A

Bartholin’s duct

35
Q

The parotid gland is a _____ secreting gland:

A

Pure serous

36
Q

Responsible for 20% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

Parotid gland

37
Q

Parotid gland enlargement occurs in: (5)

A
  1. Parotitis (mumps)
  2. Sjorgrens syndrome
  3. Bulimia nervosa
  4. Anorexia nervosa
  5. Benign & malignant neoplasia
38
Q

The submandibular gland is a ____ secreting gland:

A

mixed seromucous

39
Q

Although the submandibular gland is a mixed seromucous secreting gland, it predominantly secretes _____ with _____ contributions

A

Serous fluid; mucous contributions

40
Q

Responsible for 60% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

Submandibular gland

41
Q

What structures can be found in the submandibular gland?

A

Serous deminlunes

42
Q

The sublingual gland is a _____ secreting gland:

A

Mixed mucoserous

43
Q

Although the sublingual gland is a mixed mucoserous gland, it is predominantly _____ secreting

A

Mucous

44
Q

Responsible for 10% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

Sublingual gland

45
Q

______ are structures that can be found associated with sublingual glands

A

Serous deminlunes

46
Q

Minor salivary glands account for ____ % of unstimulated salivary flow

A

10

47
Q

Most minor salivary glands are ____ secreting

A

Mucous

48
Q

Most minor salivary glands are _____ secreting

A

Mucous

49
Q

The named minor salivary glands include:

A
  1. Von Ebner’s
  2. Blandin-nuhn
  3. Weber’s
  4. Carmalt’s
50
Q

Von Ebner’s gland is a minor salivary gland that is a _____ gland associated with circumvallate papillae

A

Pure serous

51
Q

Pure serous glands associated with circumvallate papillae (minor salivary gland)

A

Von Ebner’s

52
Q

Mucoserous glands located on the ventral surface at tip of tongue (minor salivary gland)

A

Blandin-nuhn

53
Q

Mucous glands associated with the pharyngeal tonsils (minor salivary gland)

A

Weber’s

54
Q

Mucous glands found in the mandibular retromolar area (minor salivary gland)

A

Carmalt’s

55
Q

What are the classifications of glands (5):

A
  1. endocrine
  2. exocrine
  3. merocrine
  4. apocrine
  5. holocrine
56
Q

Classification of gland in which the product is secreted into blood and affects other cells; no duct system involved:

A

Endocrine

57
Q

Classification of gland in which the product is secreted onto a surface; usually has a duct:

A

Exocrine

58
Q

Classification of gland in which little to no damage to secreting cell occurs:

A

Merocrine

59
Q

Salivary glands are classified as:

A

Merocrine glands

60
Q

Classification of gland in which partial injury to secreting cells occurs:

A

Apocrine glands

61
Q

Mammary/sweat glands are classified as:

A

Apocrine glands

62
Q

Classification of gland in which total destruction of secreting cells occurs:

A

Holocrine

63
Q

Sebaceous glands are classified as:

A

sebaceous glands

64
Q

Not a pathologic lesion & represent ectopic sebaceous glands:

A

Fordyce’s granules

65
Q

The result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into the surrounding soft tissues:

A

Salivary gland mucosele

66
Q

Salivary gland mucoceles most commonly occur:

A

Lips, tip of the ventral surface of the tongue, soft palate

67
Q

Salivary gland mucoceles are characterized by an accumulation of ____ containing numerous foamy histiocytes surrounded by granulation tissue:

A

mucin

68
Q

A term used to designate a mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth

A

Ranula

69
Q

Ranulas most often involve the:

A

Sublingual salivary gland

70
Q

Chronic systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by xerostomia, xerophthalmia or keratojunctivitus sicca

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

71
Q

Parotid gland swelling due to lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate:

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

72
Q

80-90% of sjogren’s syndrome occurs in:

A

Middle-aged females

73
Q

A salivary gland mixed tumor may also be called:

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

74
Q

A mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) is a benign tumor that accounts for:

_____% if parotid gland tumors

____ % of submandibular gland tumors

____% of minor salivary gland tumors

A

53-77% parotid

44-68% submandibular

38-43% minor salivary gland

75
Q

Mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenomas) can be described as well ____ & ____

A

Circumscribed & encapsulated

76
Q

In mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenomas), the tissue is derived from:

A

mixture of ductal & myoepithelial cells

77
Q

What cells are also present in mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenomas):

A

keratinizing squamous cells & mucous producing cells

78
Q

One of the most common salivary malignancies that typically involves the parotid gland and consequently causes pain or facial nerve palsy development:

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

79
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are composed of a mixture of ______ cells and _____ cells

A

Mucous producing; eepidermoid

80
Q

Abundant cellular pleomorphism & a tendency to form cystic areas within the tumor cell mass is characteristic of:

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Histopathology (15 decks)

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