Salivary Glands/Secretion

Question 1

What protein will cause the lack of salivary glands to develop as well as limbs or hair follicles?

Answer 1

p63

Question 2

What is p63?

Answer 2

A transcription factor that transcribes mRNA for certain genes

Question 3

What are the five general stages of salivary gland development?

Answer 3

Prebud, Initial bud, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, and Terminal bud

Question 4

During what stage will a salivary gland form duct lumen?

Answer 4

The canalicular stage

Question 5

During the pseudoglandular stage what is proliferating more, mesenchyme or epithelium?

Answer 5

Epithelium is proliferating at a high rate

Question 6

The probed stage begins with what?

Answer 6

Thickening of the probud stage?

Question 7

At what stage does the beginning of a duct form?

Answer 7

Initial bud stage (appears as a dimple in the oral cavity)

Question 8

What drives the formation of a salivary gland?

Answer 8

Mesenchyme

Question 9

Does the mesenchyme determine the secretions of a gland?

Answer 9

No that is up to the epithelium

Question 10

What two genes are important in salivary gland development?

Answer 10

Fgf2b and Fgf10

Question 11

What happens if the EDAR gene is blocked?

Answer 11

Branching of the gland won’t occur

Question 12

What happens to cells that occupy the future lumen in the salivary gland?

Answer 12

They undergo apoptosis to form the lumen

Question 13

What is expressed in cells that will form the lumen in the canalicular?

Answer 13

Caspase-3 protein (*triggers/induces apoptosis)

Question 14

Which transcription factors define the cells in the salivary buds during the terminal bud stage?

Answer 14

Mucin transcriptase E14, and Mucin E17

Question 15

What specific attachment proteins are seen in the salivary ducts?

Answer 15

tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 16

What initiates the thickening of epithelium to form a salivary gland?

Answer 16

Mesenchyme

Question 17

Does parasympathetic or sympathetic innervations of salivary glands develop first?

Answer 17

Parasympathetic develops with gland (*sympathetic doesn’t develop until after birth)

Question 18

What parasympathetic neurotransmitter stimulates the submandibular gland?

Answer 18

Acetylcholine (otic nerve for parotid; submandibular for SMG and SLG)

Question 19

What sympathetic neurotransmitter stimulates the salivary gland?

Answer 19

Norepinephrine (comes from cervical ganglion)

Question 20

What happens if there’s a mutation or malfunction in Fgf10?

Answer 20

aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands (doesn’t develop)

Question 21

What development stages are affected by mutation of Fgf10?

Answer 21

Prebud and Initial bud

Question 22

Mutation of Fgf2 causes what?

Answer 22

Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital Syndrome (eyes, ears, mouth, and hands)

Question 23

Mutation of Fgf2, 3 and 10 effect which stages of salivary gland development?

Answer 23

Initial bud and Psuedoglandular

Question 24

Mutations in what genes can cause Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia?

Answer 24

EDAR, EDA, and EDARADD

Question 25

Mutation in EDAR effects what to form?

Answer 25

Salivary Ducts

Question 26

Major salivary glands produce ___% of the saliva each day?

Answer 26

90%

Question 27

What are Myoepithelial cells?

Answer 27

They're contracting cells that help push the saliva out of the bud

Question 28

What does the parotid secrete?

Answer 28

serous

Question 29

What does the submandibular gland secrete?

Answer 29

mostly serous but some mucous

Question 30

What does the sublingual secrete?

Answer 30

Most all mucous

Question 31

What do minor salivary glands secrete?

Answer 31

Mucous

Question 32

Norepinephrine binds to which receptor?

Answer 32

Adrenergic

Question 33

Acetylcholine binds to which receptor?

Answer 33

M3R

Question 34

What do secretory cells pump into the lumen to start salivary flow?

Answer 34

Na, Cl, and then water follows

Question 35

What happens to salivary contents in the duct?

Answer 35

Na and Cl are taken out of the saliva, and K and HCO3 are pumped into the saliva

Question 36

Which receptor causes the release of Na and Cl into the salivary lumen?

Answer 36

IP3

Question 37

What three things make up saliva?

Answer 37

H2O, K+, and HCO3

Question 38

What tonicity is saliva?

Answer 38

Hypotonic

Question 39

What are the three ways that proteins are secreted into the saliva?

Answer 39

Major regulated, Minor regulated, and Constitutive-like