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GIT Anatomy > Salivary Glands T2 > Flashcards

Salivary Glands T2 Flashcards

1
Q

Salivary glands are exo or endo crine?

A

Exocrine, that produces saliva

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2
Q

What is the position of the parotid gland?

A

located in a deep space(anterior and below the lower half of the ear)

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3
Q

What are the parotid gland relations
(Ant-post-sup-Inf)

A

• Anteriorly: mandibular ramus & masseter
(the parotid gland is behind them)
• Posteriorly: Mastoid process & sternomastoid
muscle (the parotid gland is in front of them)
• Superiorly: Zygomatic arch
• Inferiorly: Lower border of the mandible

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4
Q

Shape/ends of the parotid gland?

A

Shape: wedge (Inverted pyramid) shaped.
• It has 2 ends, 3 borders and 3 surfaces
• It has 2 ends:
1. Concave upper end (base)
2. Lower end (apex)

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5
Q

What are the 3 borders of the parotid glands?

A
  1. Anterior border: lies on masseter muscle
    and the parotid duct arises from this border
  2. Posterior border: related to sternomastoid
    muscle
  3. Medial border: related to lateral pharyngeal wall
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6
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the parotid glands?

A

• Lateral
• Anteromedial
• Posteromedial

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7
Q

The facial nerve courses horizontally through the parotid gland and divides it into?

A

• Deep lobe
• Superficial lobe

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8
Q

Parotid (stensen’s) duct pierces what? opening into what?

A

• Buccal pad of fat
• Buccopharyngeal fascia
• Buccinator muscle
• Buccal mucosa
- Opens into the vestibule of mouth on a small papilla, opposite the second upper molar tooth

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9
Q

Structures within parotid glands from superficial to deep OR lateral to medial

A

1- Facial nerve (Most superficial)
2- Retromandibular vein (Intermediate in position)
3- External carotid artery (Most deep)
4- Parotid group of Lymph nodes

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10
Q

Extracranial pathway of Facial Nerve

A

Askkkkk

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11
Q

Facial nerve emerges from …… to?

A

emerges from stylomastoid foramen to enter the gland at its posteromedial surface

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12
Q

Facial nerve gives how many branches?

A

2 Branches before it enters the gland
5 Branches within the parotid

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13
Q

The Branches within the parotid leaves to be?

A

leave anteromedial suface of the gland:
1 Temporal
2- Zygomatic
3- Buccal
4 Mandibular
5 Cervical

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14
Q

Retromandibular vein is formed within the gland by?

A

by the union of maxillary & superficial temporal veins

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15
Q

Retromandibular vein is leaves where?

A

leaves lower end of the gland

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16
Q

Before Retromandibular vein leaves the gland it’s divided into 2 division/branches?

A
  1. anterior (joins facial vein)
  2. posterior (joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein)
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17
Q

External Carotid artery is divided into its 2
terminal branches what are they?

A

maxillary and superficial temporal arteries at neck of
mandible

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18
Q

maxillary and superficial temporal arteries leave from?

A

leave upper end & anteriomedial surface of gland

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19
Q

What’s the Nerve supply of the parotid gland?

A
  • Parasympathetic (secretomotor):
    • Reach gland through auriculotemporal nerve
  • Sympathetic:
    • from plexus around external carotid artery.
  • Sensory supply:
    • Auriculo-temporal nerve (a branch of posterior division of mandibular nerve)
20
Q

What’s the Blood supply of the parotid gland?

A
  • Arterial supply:
    • external carotid artery + its 2-terminal branches (maxillary and superficial temporal artery)
  • Venous drainage:
    • The 2-veins (maxillary & superficial temporal veins) drain into the retromandibular vein
  • Lymphatic:
    • parotid lymph nodes which finally drain into deep cervical lymph nodes
21
Q

Parotid gland infection (mumps) is presented in what year? What’s the pathogen causing it? What’s the symptoms shown?

A
  • Present at 4 – 6 years old
  • Uncommon due to MMR vaccine
  • Pathogen: mumps virus (a paramyxovirus)
  • Presentation: painful parotid swelling (may
    involve submandibular and sublingual glands)
22
Q

Define Submandibular Gland, mention it’s site

A

It is a lobulated mass, located deep to the body of the mandible (submandibular fossa)

23
Q

Submandibular Gland is formed of two parts what are they?

A

• Large Superficial Part
• Small Deep Part: lies deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus

24
Q

The Large Superficial Part lies in

A

lies in digastric triangle between mylohyoid & body of mandible (superficial to mylohyoid)

25
Q

The Small Deep Part lies in?

A

lies deep to mylohyoid and superficial to hyoglossus

26
Q

Sub. M deep part is continuous with?

A

superficial part around posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.

27
Q

Submandibular (wharton’s) duct emerges from?
Where does it open?

A
  • deep part of the gland
  • The duct opens in floor of mouth at summit
    of sublingual papilla close to frenulum of
    tongue
28
Q

Anatomical relationship of the Submandibular

A
  1. Lingual nerve
  2. Hypoglossal nerve
  3. Anterior facial vein
  4. Facial artery
  5. Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
29
Q

The submandibular duct opens on …… close to ……

A
  • summit of sublingual papilla
  • frenulum of tongue
30
Q

Submandibular Gland arterial supply and lymphatic drainage?

A
  • Arterial Supply :
    branches of facial & lingual arteries
  • Lymph drainage :
    submandibular + deep cervical lymph nodes
31
Q

Submandibular Gland nerve supply?

A
  1. Parasympathetic: secretomotor fibers from superior salivary nucleus of 7th C.N. (facial nerve) —> via chorda tympani nerve —> to join lingual nerve and pass into submandibular ganglion, then postganglionic parasympathetic secretory fibers from ganglion via lingual nerve into gland
  2. Sympathetic fibers: from plexus of nerves around Facial + Lingual arteries
  3. Sensory: lingual nerve
32
Q

Which nerve of the S. Mandibular is commonly
injured and why?

A

during excision a tumor of the submandibular salivary gland, so the patient complains of loss of general sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue after
the operation

33
Q

Salivary Calculi is also known to be?

A

Sialolithiasis

34
Q

Sialolithiasis is most common in?

A

submandibular gland (80–90%)

35
Q

Sialolithiasis is associated with?

A

gout (Uric acid) and smoking

36
Q

What’s the smallest salivary gland!

A

Sublingual salivary gland

37
Q

Sublingual salivary gland shape/site

A
  • almond shaped with wide anterior end & narrow posterior end
    -It lies in sublingual fossa of the mandible
38
Q

The ducts of the sublingual glands are called

A

Bartholin’s ducts

39
Q

Relations of the Sublingual salivary gland
(Sup-Inf-Lat)

A

1) Superiorly: mucous membrane of floor of mouth
2) Inferiorly: mylohyoid muscle
3)Laterally: sublingual fossa of mandible

40
Q

Sublingual ducts open into floor of mouth by?

A

8 – 20 ducts on summit of sublingual fold

41
Q

Minor salivary gland are about?

A

450 lie under the mucosa

42
Q

Minor salivary gland all are distirbuted in?

A
  • in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, palate, floor of mouth & retromolar area
  • Also appear in oropharyanx, larynx & trachea
43
Q

Disorders of Minor salivary gland and sublingual glands

A

Cyst

44
Q

Cyst are either/or

A

•Extravasation cyst result from trauma to overlying mucosa.
•Mucous retention cyst in the floor of the mouth due to obstruction.

45
Q

What is Ranula?

A

extravasation cyst that arises from sublingual gland

46
Q

Are Tumors of minor & sublingual salivary gland common or rare

A

Extremely rare 90% are malignant

47
Q

Most common types of Tumors of minor & sublingual salivary gland

A

upper lip, palate & retromolar region

GIT Anatomy (7 decks)

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