Salivation And Swallowing Flashcards Preview

Gastro-intestinal System > Salivation And Swallowing > Flashcards

Flashcards in Salivation And Swallowing Deck (22)
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1
Q

Describe the composition of saliva

A
Mostly water
Hypotonic 
Rich in K+ and bicarbonate 
Mucins
Amylase, lingual lipase
Immune proteins (IgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin)
2
Q

What is lactoferrin?

A

A molecule which binds iron

Bacteria need iron to reproduce therefore bacteria cannot multiply

3
Q

Name some of the functions of salvia

A
Phonation 
Lubrication of food
Oral hygiene 
Anti-bacterial effects 
Solvent for tasting 
Initiation of digestion
4
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth

5
Q

What are some of the consequences of xerostomia?

A
Inflamed and dry tongue 
Sore lips 
Dysphagia 
False teeth fall out 
Poor dentition
6
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary gland?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

7
Q

Describe the parotid gland

A

Large
Sits over the angle of the mandible
Penetrates the buccinator muscle opposite the 2nd upper molar

8
Q

Describe the sublingual gland

A

Just above the floor of the mouth

Lots of little ducts under the tongue

9
Q

Describe the submandibular gland

A

Just under the floor of the mouth
Sits above and below a particular muscle (around it)
Big gland

10
Q

Describe the neural control of glands

A

Autonomic
PNS - increased production
SNS also stimulates secretion but smaller amounts
Parotid = IX cranial nerve
Sublingual and submandibular = VII cranial nerve (facial nerve)

11
Q

Which branch of cranial nerve VII innervates the sublingual and submandibular gland?

A

Chorda tympani of VII

12
Q

Why can saliva production be reduced during ear infections?

A

Chords tympani of VII cranial nerve runs through the ear

Innervates the sub salvia glands

13
Q

Describe mumps

A

Inflammation of the parotids
Can also have testes and brain involvement
Extremely painful because fascial sheath of the parotid gland is not very distensible and infection causes swelling

14
Q

Describe a parotid sialography

A

Radiological investigation of salivary glands
Catheter into the mouth, insert contrast into ducts
Useful for finding stones or visualising a tumour

15
Q

How many stages are there in swallowing?

A

3

16
Q

Describe the first phase of swallowing

A

Oral preparatory phase
Voluntary
Push bolus towards the pharynx via a convulsive wave over the tongue

17
Q

Describe the second phase of swallowing

A

Pharyngeal phase
Involuntary phase
Soft palate seals off the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal constrictors push the bolus down
Larynx elevates, closing the epiglottis
Vocal cords adduct - breathing temporarily ceases
Opening of upper oesophageal sphincter

18
Q

Describe the third phase of swallowing

A

Oesophageal phase
Involuntary
Closure of upper oesophageal sphincter
Peristaltic wave carries bolus downwards into oesophagus

19
Q

How is the epiglottis different in a baby?

A

Epiglottis extends into the nasopharynx in a baby

They can breathe and drink at the same time

20
Q

Describe the neural pathway controlling swallowing

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors in pharynx detect bolus
  2. Sensory glossopharyngeal nerve
  3. Medulla
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Contraction of pharyngeal constrictors
21
Q

How does the gag reflex differ in babies?

A

Hyperactive - because the gag relax sits more anteriorly

Why they often dribble food

22
Q

Where are the narrowings of the oesophagus?

A

Junction with pharynx (upper sphincter)
Where arch of aorta crosses
Compressed by left main bronchus
Oesophageal hiatus through diaphragm