SALUD 40-60 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is insulin?
A hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas when glucose levels are high
Insulin attaches to specific cell receptors to allow glucose to enter cells, decreasing blood glucose levels.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes?
The body produces insulin but cannot use it effectively
This leads to increased blood glucose levels despite the presence of insulin.
Is gestational diabetes temporal?
Yes, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future
Gestational diabetes can cause excessive fetal growth due to high maternal glucose levels.
What happens in Type 1 Diabetes?
The immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas, preventing insulin production
People with Type 1 Diabetes require insulin injections as they are insulin dependent.
What are the two main ways of diagnosing diabetes?
Fasting and 2 hours after a 75g oral load of glucose
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is also used to measure long-term glucose levels.
What is atherosclerosis?
Accumulation of fats, cholesterol, and other substances inside the arteries
This can lead to narrowing and blockage of blood flow.
What are common symptoms of diabetes?
- Always thirsty and frequent urination
- Increased hunger and extreme tiredness
- Sudden weight loss
- Blurred vision
These symptoms arise due to high blood glucose levels affecting energy use.
What are the risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes?
Unknown exact causes, mostly genetics, with some research suggesting viral connections
Type 1 Diabetes is less influenced by lifestyle compared to Type 2.
What are the risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes?
- Overweight/obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Fetal and early childhood nutrition
Fat expandability and lipotoxicity are critical concepts in understanding Type 2 Diabetes.
How does exercise help with diabetes?
- Reduces fat cell reserves
- Lowers insulin levels needed to take glucose to muscles
GLUT4 allows glucose uptake during exercise, independent of insulin.
What is the significance of birth weight on future health?
Low birth weight may lead to excessive weight gain later due to energy conservation
Normal birth weight is between 2500g and 4000g.
What is the cut point for weight loss to see metabolic benefits in diabetics?
5% of body weight
Some individuals may require a 10% loss for significant benefits, while others may see improvements with less.
Is exercise effective as treatment for diabetic people?
Yes, it is always beneficial
A doctor’s oversight is crucial to ensure diabetes is well-controlled before exercise.
What are the general physical activity recommendations for adults with Type 2 Diabetes?
- Move more and sit less
- At least 150-300 minutes of moderate intensity PA per week
- At least 75-150 minutes of high intensity PA per week
- At least 2 times per week of muscle-strengthening activities
More than 300 minutes of moderate intensity PA is also beneficial.
Does sitting less have any impact on diabetes?
Yes, similar to doing exercise
Reducing sitting time can improve insulin sensitivity.
What is lipotoxicity?
Excess fatty acids circulating in the blood can reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues
This can damage tissues not meant for fat storage.
What are the benefits of physical activity for people with Type 2 Diabetes?
- Improve cardiovascular function
- Improve insulin sensitivity
- Improve glucose control
- Improve lipid profile
- Improve blood pressure control
- Helps with weight loss
- Improve general well-being
Physical activity decreases the risk of future health complications.
What are strengthening activities?
Activities of moderate or greater intensity that involve all major muscle groups.
What type of exercise is particularly beneficial for people with osteoarthritis?
Aquatic exercise.
What is the role of yoga in exercise?
It is valid for stress management.
How can pedometers or accelerometers be helpful?
They encourage people to increase the number of steps.
How often should sedentary time be broken up with exercise snacks?
Every 20-30 minutes.
What is the primary goal regarding physical activity (PA) time?
To increase PA time always in a safely way.
What additional exercise is recommended for older adults?
Balance training.
