Sample Questions Blood Disorders Flashcards by Zoe Kiklis

Oral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia

angular chelitis
atrophic glossitis
mucosal pallor

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Plummer-Vinson syndrome

rare condition in middle aged Scandinavian women
chronic Fe deficiency
dysphagia, atrophic mucositis of aerodigestive tracts
predisposition to oral/esophageal SCC

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RBCs in iron deficiency anemia

hypochromatic and microcytic

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Clinical symptoms of pernicious anemia

fatigue, headache, breath shortness
paresthesia, tingling, numbness of extremities
burning/painful tongue, lips, and buccal mucosa
atrophic, pale, erythematous oral mucosa
loss of tongue filiform papillae

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RBCs in pernicious anemia

macrocytic and hyperchromatic

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Clinical symptoms of sickle cell crisis

extreme pain from ischemia and infarction

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Most affected areas during sickle cell crisis

long bones, lungs, abdomen

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Radiographic features of sickle cell anemia

step ladder trabeculation of posterior mandible

hair on end appearance of calvarium

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Cause of thalessemia

decreased synthesis of alpha or beta globulin Hb chains

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Age predilection of thalessemia

children and young adults

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Clinical features of thalessemia

jaundice
fever
malaise
weakness

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Maxillary enlargement in thalessemia is due to

bone marrow hyperplasia

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Radiographic features of thalessemia

hair on end skull films

honeycombed appearance of trabeculae in jaws

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RBCs in thalessemia

hypochromatic and microcytic

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What is the risk of blood transfusions in thalessemia pateints?

hemochromatosis

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Leukopenia is mainly due to a decrease in what WBC type?

neutrophils

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Causes of agranulocytosis

idiopathic
congenital
drug related (chemo)

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Oral manifestations of agranulocytosis

punched out, necrotic ulcerations of oral mucosa and tongue

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Symptoms of agranulocytosis

malaise 
sore throat
fever
chills
bone pain

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Treatment of agranulocytosis

antibiotic therapy
bone marrow stimulating cytokines
cessation of drug if drug related

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Cause of cyclic neutropenia

idiopathic

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Oral clinical features of cyclic neutropenia

oral ulcerations on tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva

severe periodontal disease in children

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Clinical features of cyclic neutropenia

fever
malaise
sore throat
URIs

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Leukocytosis

increased mature circulating WBCs

normal response to infectious diseases

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Mono is cause by what virus? what cell types does it infect?

EBV infects epithelial cells and B lymphocytes

Oral manifestations of mono

vesicles and ulcerations on soft palate

Life threatening risk of mono

hepatosplenomegaly

Cell type in acute leukemias

immature blast cells

Cell type in chronic leukemias

well-differentiated WBCs

Genetic mutation implicated in leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome

Lab findings (CBC) in leukemia

decreased RBCs and platelets (thrombocytopenia) | normal to elevated WBCs

Oral manifestations of leukemia

hard/soft palate and gingival hemorrhages hypertrophic, inflamed gingiva candida and herpetic infections gingival infiltrates

Prognosis of acute and chronic leukemias

acute: better prognosis in kids than adults chronic: more common in adults, more indolent course

Where does Hodgkin's arise from?

lymph nodes

Hodgkin's M?F

M>F

Hodgkin's age predilcection

bimodal presentation | 15-35y and after 50y

Clinical presentation of Hodgkin's

non-tender swelling of cervical or mediastinal lymph nodes | weight loss, fever, pruritus, night sweats

Histopathology of Hodgkin's

Reed-Sternberg cells binucleate, owl eye giant cells with prominent nucleoli RS cells in an inflammatory background

Prognosis of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's

most favorable

Prognosis of lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's

most aggressive

Hodgkin's presenting with collagen bands subdividing lymph nodes

nodular sclerosis

Most common site of oral involvement in non-Hodgkin's

palate

Viruses implicated in non-Hodgkin's

EBV, HTLV | linked to B cell and Burkitt lymphomas

Non-Hodgkin's M?F

M>F

Head and neck features of non-Hodgkin's

firm, non-tender cervical nodes alveolar bone loss/ tooth mobility red/purple soft tissue swellings oral ulcerations

Non-Hodgkin's resembles what oral lesion clinically?

pyogenic granuloma

Most common intraoral sites of non-Hodgkin's

posterior hard palate, gingiva, buccal vestibule

What is EBV's role in Burkitt's lymphoma?

involved but not necessarily casual

Burkitt's age and sex predilection

males between 3y and 8y

Which is more common in jaws, endemic or non-endemic Burkitt's?

endemic

Radiographic features of Burkitt's

ill-defined radiolucency tooth displacement root resorption

Intraoral locations of Burkitt's lesions

gingiva and palate

Histopathology pattern of Burkitt's

starry sky malignant B cells scattered macrophages with abundant cytoplasm

Recurrence rate of Burkitt's

high

Which has a better prognosis, endemic or non-endemic Burkitt's?

endemic

What cell type is malignant in multiple myeloma?

terminally differentiated B cells

Age predilection of multiple myeloma

50-60y

Clinical features of multple myeloma

bone pain renal failure recurrent infections, hypercalcemia, amyloid deposition

Protein found in the urine of multiple myeloma patients

Bence-Jones protiens

Radiographic features of multiple myeloma

punched out radiolucencies throughout maxilla, mandible, and skull

Prognosis of multiple myeloma

high survival rae | tx can be worse than the disease itself

Normal platelet count

250,000-450,000/mm3

Thrombocytopenia

dcreased platelet counts, decreased platelet survival. increased splenic platelet sequestration

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

acute childhood, chronic adult disorder acute form follows viral infection antigen binding on platelets

Clinical features of thrombocytopenia

small blood vessel leakage producing petechiae larger leakage leads to ecchymoses, hematomas spontaneous gingival hemorrhage

Thromboastenia

decreased platelet function

Factor abnormality in Von Willebrand disease

VIII

Mechanism of action of aspirin thrombastenia

decreased thromboxane A2 synthesis

Capillary fragility due to a deficiency in what vitamin?

Clinical presentation of vitamin C deficiency

petechial hemorrhages, ecchumoses, purpura after trauma or pressure abnormal bone calcification and growth failure in children

Oral manifestations of vitamin C deficiency

gingival inflammation, ulceration, bleeding secondary infection of ulcers tooth mobility bone loss

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is associated with what syndrome?

Rendu-Olser-Weber syndrome

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a disorder affecting what?

blood vessel wall integrity

Clinical presentation of Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

small surface collections of dilated capillaries red/violet lesions on face, oral/nasal mucosae, hands feet lesions blanch with pressure may be GI lesions rupture with significant blood loss repeated nose bleeds

Oral manifestations of Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

oral lesions on lip vermillion, tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa

Intrinsic coagulation pathway initiated by what factor?

XII

Extrinsic coagulation pathway initiated by what factor?

tissue thromboblastin

What is faster, the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway?

extrinsic

Factor VIII deficiency/dysfunction is characteristic of what bleeding disorder?

Hemophilia A

Factor IX deficiency/dysfunction is characteristic of what bleeding disorder?

Hemophilia B

Oral manifestations of hemophilia

oropharyngeal/CNS bleeding | oral ecchymoses and bleeding may follow trauma

Sample Questions Blood Disorders Flashcards

(81 cards)