SAMPLE SPECIMEN

Question 1

Which diagnostic method is commonly used to detect the Influenza virus in respiratory syndromes?

Answer 1

• Throat swab is commonly used to detect the Influenza virus.

Question 2

What type of specimen is typically collected for detecting the Parainfluenza virus in respiratory syndromes?

Answer 2

• Nasal washings are typically collected to detect the Parainfluenza virus.

Question 3

Which respiratory virus is often identified using a Nasopharyngeal aspirate as the diagnostic specimen?

Answer 3

• RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) is often identified using a Nasopharyngeal aspirate in respiratory syndromes.

Question 4

Which test is commonly used to detect Norwalk agent in cases of gastroenteritis?

Answer 4

• The rectal swab

Question 5

What type of sample is typically analyzed to diagnose Rotavirus in gastroenteritis patients?

Answer 5

• Stool samples are typically analyzed to diagnose Rotavirus in gastroenteritis patients.

Question 6

Which sample collection method is appropriate for testing Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) in skin lesions or rashes?

Answer 6

• Skin scrapings or lesion swabs are typically used for VZV testing.

Question 7

What type of sample should be collected from vesicular fluid

Answer 7

• Vesicular fluid is the preferred sample for HSV testing in skin lesions.

Question 8

What is a common congenital infection in urine

Answer 8

• Congenital CMV infection is often detected through the presence of CMV in a newborn’s urine.

Question 9

What viruses are commonly associated with ENCEPHALITIS/ASEPTIC MENINGITIS when analyzing both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 9

• Togaviruses are commonly associated

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of using a Phase Contrast Microscope in diagnostics?

Answer 10

viral inclusions.

Question 11

Which type of microscopy is suitable for visualizing Poxvirus, known for having the largest DNA among viruses?

Answer 11

• Light Microscopy is used to visualize Poxvirus.

Question 12

What are viral inclusions, and why are they important in diagnostics?

Answer 12

• Virus particles found in either the nucleus or cytoplasm of the infected cell.
• Observations of these inclusions may be diagnostic.

Question 13

Which microscopy technique is employed to examine the morphology of virus particles?

Answer 13

Electron microscope

Question 14

What are the key methods for direct microscopic examination in diagnostics?

Answer 14

• Direct Microscopic Exam, Cytology, and Histology.

Question 15

What characteristic inclusion bodies are associated with the following viruses?

Answer 15

1. Rabies virus: Negri bodies
2. Yellow fever virus: Torres Councilman bodies
3. Fowl Pox Virus: Bollinger bodies
4. Variola & Varicella viruses: Guarneri Paschen Bodies
5. HPV infection (PAP Stained Smear): KOILOCYTES

Question 16

What are koilocytes?

Answer 16

• Squamous cells characterized by a very large nucleus surrounded by a non-staining halo.

Question 17

What does a Tzanck smear detect, and what are the staining methods used?

Answer 17

• Used to detect viruses like VZV (Varicella-Zoster Virus) and HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus).
• The routine stains for Tzanck smears are GIEMSA or PAPS.

Question 18

What stains are used to visualize viruses for electron microscopy (EM)?

Answer 18

• Like Potassium phosphotungstate and Uranyl acetate.

Question 19

What is the gold standard method for virus detection?

Answer 19

• Viral culture or cell culture

Question 20

Why is viral culture considered hard to do?

Answer 20

• Due to its complexity and the need for specialized techniques.

Question 21

What is the most common application of viral culture?

Answer 21

• Used for virus isolation, especially in methods like shell vial culture.

Question 22

Why are viruses inoculated into cells during viral culture?

Answer 22

• Because many viruses are intracellular, and cell culture provides a medium for their growth and study.