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Operating Systems > Sample Test 5 > Flashcards

Sample Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The __________ category of external devices are suitable for communicating with the computer user.

A

human readable

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2
Q

The __________ unit is capable of mimicking the processor and of taking over control of the system bus just like a processor.

A

direct memory access

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3
Q

__________ external devices are suitable for communicating with electronic equipment.

A

Machine readable

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4
Q

The requested operations and data are converted into appropriate sequences of I/O instructions, channel commands, and controller orders at the __________ layer.

A

device I/O

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5
Q

__________ external devices are suitable for communicating with modems.

A

Communication

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6
Q

__________ is a technique that smoothes out peaks in I/O demand.

A

Buffering

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7
Q

The advantage of _________ is that it provides extremely high data availability

A

RAID 6

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8
Q

The _________ technique is used on a Windows server to optimize the use of threads.

A

I/O completion ports

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9
Q

On a moveable-head system, the time it takes to position the head at the track is known as ________ .

A

seek time

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10
Q

The advantage of __________ is that it provides extremely high data availability

A

RAID 6

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11
Q

The __________ technique allows multiple simultaneous I/O requests against a single device or file.

A

signaling an event object

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12
Q

__________ are an efficient way of making consistent snapshots of volumes so that they can be backed up.

A

Shadow copies

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13
Q

RAID 5 is organized in a similar fashion to _________ , but is different in the fact that RAID 5 distributes the parity strips across all disks.

A

RAID 4

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14
Q

The disk scheduling algorithm that implements two sub-queues in a measure to avoid the problem of “arm stickiness” is the __________ .

A

FSCAN policy

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15
Q

The simplest type of support that the operating system can provide is _________ .

A

single buffering

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16
Q

External devices that engage in I/O with computer systems are grouped into three categories: human readable, machine readable, and __________ .

A

communication

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17
Q

Disk drives, USB keys, sensors, and controllers are examples of __________ external I/O devices.

A

machine readable

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18
Q

A __________ module controls the exchange of data between main memory and an I/O module.

A

direct memory access (DMA)

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19
Q

Two objectives are paramount in designing the I/O facility: generality and __________ .

A

efficiency

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20
Q

The __________ module deals with the device as a logical resource and is not concerned with the details of actually controlling the device.

A

logical I/O

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21
Q

The _________ layer deals with the logical structure of files and with the operations that can be specified by users, such as open, close, read, and write.

A

file system

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22
Q

At the _________ layer, symbolic file names are converted to identifiers that either reference the file directly or indirectly through a file descriptor or index table.

A

directory management

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23
Q

The __________ policy is to select the disk I/O request that requires the least movement of the disk arm from its current position.

A

shortest-service-time-first (SSTF)

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24
Q

A __________ transfers data in and out as a stream of bytes, with no block structure.

A

stream-oriented device

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25
Q

When more than two buffers are used, the collection of buffers is itself referred to as a __________, with each individual buffer being one unit.

A

circular buffer

26
Q

The sum of the seek time and the rotational delay equals the __________ , which is the time it takes to get into position to read or write.

A

access time

27
Q

The simplest form of scheduling is ___________ scheduling, which processes items from the queue in sequential order.

A

first-in-first-out (FIFO)

28
Q

A set of logically consecutive strips that maps exactly one strip to each array member is referred to as a __________ .

A

stripe

29
Q

The term _________ is usually used to apply to a memory that is smaller and faster than main memory, and that is interposed between main memory and the processor.

A

cache memory

30
Q

Windows supports two sorts of RAID configurations: Software RAID and __________ .

A

Hardware RAID

31
Q

A _________ is the basic element of data.

A

field

32
Q

A __________ is responsible for starting I/O operations on a device and processing the completion of an I/O request.

A

device driver

33
Q

A _________ is a collection of related fields that can be treated as a unit by some application program.

A

record

34
Q

An objective of the __________ is to provide a standardized set of I/O interface routines to user processes.

A

file management system

35
Q

A __________ is a collection of similar records

A

file

36
Q

The __________ level is the primary interface with the environment outside of the computer system.

A

physical I/O

37
Q

_________ are used mostly in applications where timeliness of information is critical and where data are rarely processed exhaustively.

A

Indexed files

38
Q

A _________ is a collection of related data.

A

database

39
Q

The _________ is concerned with scheduling disk and tape accesses to optimize performance.

A

basic I/O supervisor

40
Q

The term _________ refers to the logical structuring of the records as determined by the way in which they are accessed.

A

file organization

41
Q

The most common form of file structure is __________ .

A

the sequential file

42
Q

The _________ file exploits the capability found on disks to access directly any block of a known address.

A

direct

43
Q

A _________ is a contiguous set of allocated blocks.

A

portion

44
Q

A(n) __________ is a general model of access control as exercised by a file or database management system.

A

access matrix

45
Q

__________ represents an open file associated with a process.

A

File object

46
Q

A UNIX file system resides on a single logical disk or disk partition and is laid out with the following elements: superblock, inode table, data blocks, and __________ .

A

boot block

47
Q

The __________ level provides a standard interface between applications and the file systems and devices that hold the data.

A

access method

48
Q

In the __________ form of file structure all records are of the same length, consisting of the same number of fixed-length fields in a particular order.

A

sequential file

49
Q

The essential aspects of a __________ are that the relationships that exist among elements of data are explicit and designed for use by a number of different applications.

A

database

50
Q

The physical organization of the file on secondary storage depends on the blocking strategy and the __________ strategy.

A

file allocation

51
Q

__________ provides a general purpose record I/O capability and maintains basic data about files.

A

Logical I/O

52
Q

An _________ is a control structure that contains the key information needed by the operating system for a particular file.

A

inode (index node)

53
Q

An objective of the __________ is to meet the data management needs and requirements of the user, which include storage of data and the ability to perform related operations.

A

file management system

54
Q

The __________ is responsible for all file I/O initiation and termination.

A

basic I/O supervisor

55
Q

Because there is no structure to the _________ form of file organization, record access is by exhaustive search.

A

pile

56
Q

__________ are often used where very rapid access is required, where fixed-length records are used, and where records are always accessed one at a time.

A

Direct files (or Hashed files)

57
Q

The ________ is a balanced tree structure with all branches of equal length, and has become the standard method of organizing indexes for databases.

A

B-tree

58
Q

Linux makes use of a __________ , which presents a single, uniform file system interface to user processes.

A

Virtual file system (VFS)

59
Q

Three methods of file allocation commonly used are: chained, indexed and _________ .

A

contiguous

60
Q

A _________ is a collection of addressable sectors in secondary memory that an OS or application can use for data storage.

A

volume

Operating Systems (5 decks)

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