Samples And Results Flashcards
(25 cards)
Social area
MILGRAM
Key theme responses to people in authority
Participants 40 males aged 20-50
26p’s (65%) obeyed going to 450 volts
9 p’s (22.5%) stopped at 315volts
(Experiment - lab and repeated measures)
No IV
Social Area
BOCCHIARO
Key theme responses to people in authority
p’s - 149 (96 female 53 male)
- 5 %obeyed when - 3.6% sample p’s said they would
- 1 % disobeyed - when 31.9 % sample p’s said they would
- 4 % whistle blower when 64.5 % sample p’s said they would
(Experiment - lab and independent measures)
No IV
Social area
PILIAVIN
Key theme responses to people in need
Participants were passengers approx. 4450
103 trials
62/65 trails received spontaneous help - 5 second latency
19/38 trails received spontaneous help - 109 second latency
(Field and observation - covert)
Social area
LEVINE
Key theme responses to people in need
(Observation - field - covert)
Correlation
Rio, Brazil - most helpful - 100% pen 80% hurt leg 100% blind - overall 93.33
Malaysia - least helpful - 26% pen 41% leg 54% blind - overall 40.33
Brazil (1) Costa Rica (2) Mexico (9) El Salvador (10) share a culture of simpatia - being nice
Mean helpfulness for simpatia countries 82.87
Mean helpfulness for non simpatia countries 65.87
Condition 1) dropped pen when pedestrian was 10/15 feet away - 214 men and 210 women approached
Condition 2) hurt leg and would drop and struggle to pick up magazines when 20 feet from pedestrian - 253 men 240 women
Condition 3) bling person crossing street - 281 trials conducted
What does the social area assume
Assumes behaviour is influenced by the presence of other people and the situation you are in.
The cognitive area
LOFTUS AND PALMER
Key theme memory
(Lab - self reports and questionnaires) Participants in experiment 1 45 - 9 participants in 5 conditions Smashed, hit , collided, bumped, contacted Participants in experiment 2 150 - 50 participants in 3 conditions Smashed, hit and control
Film 1 - 20 mph actual - 37.7 estimated
Film 2 - 30 mph actual - 36.2 estimated
Film 3 - 40 mph actual - 39.7 estimated
Film 4 - 40 mph actual - 36.1 estimated
Smashed - mean estimate - 40.8 Collided - mean estimate - 39.3 Bumped - mean estimate - 38.1 Hit -mean estimate - 34.0 Crashed -mean estimate - 31.8
Response to broken glass
Smashed condition - yes - 16 - no - 34
Hit condition - yes 7 - no - 43
Control - yes 6 - no - 44
Cognitive area
GRANT
Key theme memory
(Lab - independent measures)
Participants - 39 with 10 in each condition (9 in silent - silent)
Recall silent - silent 6.7
silent - noisy 5.4
noisy - silent 4.6
noisy - noisy 6.2
Recognition (multiple choice)
silent - silent 14.3
silent - noisy 12.7
noisy - silent 12.7
noisy - noisy 14.3
Cognitive area
MORAY
key theme attention
(Lab experiment)
Dichotic listening tasks
Shadow one message while two are being played ( one in each ear )
Experiment 1 - unsure of number of p’s
Recall simple words from rejected message
Experiment 2 - 12 participants
Test if an effective que can would penetrate the block
- could be participants own name
Experiment 3 - 2 groups of 14
Cognitive
Simons and chabris
228 participants - volunteers
Bandura
Developmental
External influences on behaviour
Participants
Developmental
Chaney
External influences on behaviour
Participants
Developmental
Kohl burg
Moral development
Participants
Developmental
Lee
Moral development
Participants
Biological
Sperry
Regions of the brain
Participants
AEREA- Biological
STUDY -Casey (neural correlates of delay gratification)
KEY THEME - Regions of the brain
Participants
AREA - Biological
STUDY - Blakemore and cooper ( impact of early visual experience)
KEY THEME -Brain plasticity
Participants
AREA - Biological
STUDY - Maguire (taxi drivers)
KEY THEME - Brain plasticity
Participants
Assumption of the biological area
Assumes that our behaviour is largely explained in terms of biology (e.g. our genes and hormones)
AREA - Individual differences
STUDY - Freud (little Hans)
KEY THEME -Understanding disorders
•The phalli
AREA - Individual differences
STUDY - Baron-cohen (autism in adults)
KEY THEME - Understanding disorders
(Quasi - independent measures)
- Group 1 - 16 participants - autism (4) Asperger syndrome (12)
- Group 2 - 50 participants - 25 male, 25 female
- Group 3 - 10 adults with Tourette’s - 8 male, 2 female
Procedure
•eye task - shown 25 photos of eyes for 3 seconds
Had to say word that describes how that person may be feeling
• strange stories - 12 stories that may include a lie, white lie, joke, figure speech and irony. In a story a character will do one of these and p’s will have to identify why
•gender recognition - same eyes used as in eye task but this time identifying gender
•basic emotion recognition (6 faces displayed)
AREA - Individual differences
STUDY - Gould (
KEY THEME - Measuring differences
Participants were recruits of the US army
3 types of tests
•army alpha
•army beta
•individual examination
Average mental age of a white American was 13
Average mental age of Russian 11.34
Average mental age of Italian 11.01
Average mental age of pole 10.74
AREA - Individual differences
STUDY - Hancock (language of psychopaths)
KEY THEME - Measuring differences
(Quasi, self report and correlation)
•Participants 52 men who were being held in a Canadian prison for murder.
All admitted their crime and volunteered to take part in taking about their murder.
•14 psychopaths
•38 non psychopaths
•PCR checklist determined psychopaths or not
Results
Instrumental language analysis
•psychopaths produced significantly more subordinating conjunctions than non psychopaths
Hierarchy of needs
•psychopaths used more words connected to basic needs such as foods, drink, clothing, money
•non psychopaths used more words connected to social needs such as family and religion
Emotional expression in language
•psychopaths contained approx 33% more disfluencies like uh and um
•psychopaths used significantly higher percentage of past tense words compared to non psychopaths
Assumption of the individual differences
Assumes everyone is different and studies differences between people and how everyone is unique
What does the cognitive Area assume?
Assumes behaviour is influenced by the way we think and our inner mental processes (input, process, output)
