SAP Exam Review Flashcards

Question

How do adolescents conform

Answer 1

- Do what the majority is doing - follow trends - Do what is considered normal

Answer 2

any behavior that breaks a rule or norm of society

Answer 3

the act of treating groups or individuals unfairly based on their race, gender, or other common characteristic; can be overt or systemic

Answer 4

Overt is intentional and systemic is subtle or unintentional

Answer 5

- Ableism - Ageism - Racism - Classicism - Sexism - Homophobia

Answer 6

Prejudice: an individual judgement about or active hostility towards another group Stereotype: an exaggerated view or judgement made about a group or class of people

Answer 7

extreme religious group with rigid social and moral view, rituals and observances guided by a charismatic leader

Answer 8

a subculture that rejects the most popular values and most important norms of society and replaces and replaces them with extreme view on violence, family and loyalty

Answer 9

a process designed to uncover patient's unconscious thoughts by encouraging them to discuss their background, feelings and experiences with a trained psychologist

Answer 10

Conscious mind: what we are aware of at any given time (ego) Preconscious mind: what we can recall (superego) Unconscious mind: what we cannot recall or maybe recalled with psychoanalysis (ID)

Answer 11

the human mind has 3 aspects, each of which influences the way we think, feel, and act. Freud called these parts of the mind the id, ego, and superego

Answer 12

the belief that psychologists need empirical evidence obtained through experimentation, to understand and change human behaviour. Thinks that all behaviour can be explained by environmental causes, rather than internal forces

Answer 13

Believes that the client should be very involved in his or her own recovery. They believe that qualitative research methods are more valuable. Focus on free will, personal growth, and self actualization.

Answer 14

Quantitative: used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. Data and # based Qualitative: used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences. Move open ended and helps understand subjective concepts

Answer 15

an approach to psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought process

Answer 16

belief that people learn by observing others

Answer 17

- Sigmund Freud is regarded as the founder of psychology - developed the theory and method of psychoanalysis

Answer 18

conducted the 'Pavlov dog Experiment' and developed his theory on classical conditioning

Answer 19

conducted the 'Skinner box' experiment and developed his theory of operant conditioning

Answer 20

Studied "self actualization" (how people achieve status and reach their full potential). He is famous for Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer 21

Examines the way that humans are different from and similar to other species and how humans have evolved - ex. evolution, genetics, archaeology, forensics, primatology

Answer 22

- Tells us about human origins and the similarities/differences between primates and humans - We have 98% of the same DNA - Common ancestor - Clues to evolution - What makes us human

Answer 23

Anthropologists believe kinship systems (family) is the most important agent of socialization

Answer 24

- Defines social relationships to provide for the survival of and socialization of children - Defines the rights and obligations of the 2 people to each other in terms of sex, reproduction, work and social role - created new relationships between families and kin groups

Answer 25

- Monogamy: a relationship of marriage where an individual has one partner - Polygamy: form of marriage with multiple partners - Polygyny: form of marriage between 1 husband and multiple wives - Polyandry: a form of marriage with 1 wife and multiple husbands - Arranged Marriage: marriages set up by someone other than the people getting married

Answer 26

is a ceremony or event marking an important stage in someones life (birth, puberty, marriage, death)

Answer 27

Segregation: a person is separated from the rest of society and from their original status. Often includes a geographic change as well as a change in physical appearance, such as body paint or special clothing

Answer 28

Transition: also called the liminal stage. When the initiate is in a state of transition between the old and new. The learning process

Answer 29

Incorporation and Reintegration: the individual is reintegrated into regular society in their new role. The individual is expected to assume new tasks and is formally recognized by the society as their new status

Answer 30

is the return of stolen or looted cultural materials to their countries of origin

Answer 31

1. Question (open-ended, something you want to learn 2. Background Knowledge (look at existing research on the question) 3. Hypothesis ( your best guess on what the answer will be) 4. Gather the data ( conduct the research method you think is best for your question) 5. Analyze data (charts and graphs to help understand the data) 6. Pause and check (do you have enough data to prove your hypothesis) 7. Draw a conclusion (present findings as an oral or written report) 8. Reflection (evaluate process and results)

Answer 32

1. Respect for the people: informed consent from all participants and they know all risks and benefits 2. Beneficence: researchers should not try to have a negative impact on the well-being of people who try to participate in their studies 3. Justice: make sure subjects aren't exploited. Make sure that the burdens and benefits of the study and results are distributed fairly

Answer 33

It was down to understand obedience and why people listen to authority. 40 men between 20-50 where instructed to "shock" the "student" if they got a question wrong, the voltage went to 450. The student wasn't actually getting shock but just pretended to.

Answer 34

60-65% of participates would keep going when instructed to even if the person getting "shocked" begged them to stop

Answer 35

The purpose of his experiment was to see how people would react to having no rules. Subjects entered the prison and where told if they are either a prisoner or a warden. And gave the guards tinted sunglasses to act like a mask and prisoners went through a real arrest process

Answer 36

The guards started to see the prisoners as dangerous even though they haven't done anything and started to abuse their power. The guards started to punish the prisoners cause they felt they had power

Answer 37

controls the planning, judgement, reasoning, decision-making; is one of the last sections of the brain to fully develop

Answer 38

controls hearing, speech, also processes some memory functions

Answer 39

Positives: - helps expand our limitations and learn problem solving skills - can change our lives - helps us learn about ourselves Negatives: - Can harm us - ex. experimenting with substances

Answer 40

Studied the differences and similarities between identical and fraternal twins who have been separated to explain the question of nature vs. nurture

Answer 41

Physical Characteristics: most likely to be affected by genes Intelligence: tends to be affected by both Education & achievement: affected by the environment Personality: most likely affected by environment but can be effected by genes too

Answer 42

He is a cognitive psychologist who performed the bobo doll experiment

Answer 43

It was where a child would watch an adult beat up this inflatable doll and then they would put the child in the same room with the doll and wouldn't give any instruction to the child. He found the child would copy the adults actions and beat up the doll as well

Answer 44

She is a cognitive psychologist and she developed the stages of cognitive development

Answer 45

- it is from birth to 2 yrs - experiences the world through senses & actions, by touching, looking and mouthing - around 7 months they start to understand that even if they can't see something they still exist (object permanence) - understands some symbols, language begins

Answer 46

- it is 2-6 yrs - develops language and use of symbols, memories & imagination - exhibits non logical thinking - is egocentric (only sees things from their experience)

Answer 47

- it is 7-11 yrs - develops logic - develops ability to link concrete objects to symbols and use them - becomes less egocentric

Answer 48

- it is 12 yrs - adulthood - develops ability to logically link symbols to abstract ideas - early in this period, becomes egocentric again - not all adults reach this stage

Answer 49

- found that all humans originated from Africa and migrated from there - having darker skins = more melanin that protects them from harsh uv rays - as people moved away from uv rays the skin gets lighter - We have junk DNA that has been passed down that can be traced back to our original population

Answer 50

Emotional level is relatively low. Ex. food, dress, music, language

Answer 51

unspoken rules and the emotional level is very high. Ex. attitudes towards elders, nonverbal communication, tone of voice

Answer 52

The total system of ideas, values, behaviors and attitudes of a society commonly shared by most members of a society

Answer 53

- agreeableness - extraversion - conscientiousness - openness to new experiences - neuroticism

Answer 54

they are used by the ego to repress unwanted/unpleasant thoughts and feelings

Answer 55

- denial (refusal to acknowledge something unpleasant) - Repression ( unconsciously mechanism) - projection (impulses put onto someone else) - displacement (substitute an object with something else) - sublimation ( substitute an object with something socially acceptable)

SAP Exam Review Flashcards

(80 cards)