SAQ Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define psychosis
grossly impaired reality testing .i.e. persons incorrectly evaluate the accuracy of their thoughts and perceptions and make incorrect inferences about external reality, even in the presence of contrary evidence.
Hallucination vs illusion
Hallucinations are a sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but that occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ.
Illusions are the misperception or misinterpretation of an actual external stimulus.
Thought form disorder definition, 4 examples
Thought disorder is a disorganised way of thinking that leads to abnormal ways of expressing language when speaking and writing.
e.g. loosening of assns
flight of ideas
clang assns
circumstantiality
define delusion, give 3 examples of themes
fixed, firmly held, false belief which is not amenable to change even in the face of contradictory evidence
The belief is out of keeping with that of the individual’s cultural group
And is not an article of faith or a religious belief
e.g. “i believe i am God” = religious
“the CIA are trying to kill me” persecutory
“I am a billionaire and I own many countries” grandiose
define and describe catatonia
Decreased reactivity to the environment, with decreased mobility to complete unawareness or purposeless and unstimulated excessive motor activity.
Patients may have catatonic excitement, negativism, waxy flexibility, posturing, echolalia, immobility, mutism, staring, grimacing, stereotypy, mannerisms, verbigeration, or withdrawal
Diagnose a panic attack
abrupt surge of intense fear/ discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes with 4+ symptoms Palpitations Tachycardia Sensation of SOB Feelings of choking Chest pain Nausea Dizziness Chills/ heat sensations Parenthesis Derealisation Fear of dying
Diagnose a panic attack
abrupt surge of intense fear/ discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes with 4+ symptoms Palpitations Tachycardia Sensation of SOB Feelings of choking Chest pain Nausea Dizziness Chills/ heat sensations Parenthesis Derealisation Fear of dying
DSM 5 criteria for panic disorder
A recurrent panic attacks (abrupt surge of intenase fear peak within mins with 4+: palpitations, SOB, choking feeling, chills/ heat sensation, sweating, trembling, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, derealisation, paresthesia, fear of dying)
B one month+ of worrying about additional PAs and consequences/ maladaptive behaviour change related to attacks
C not substance
D not better explained and not only in response to social anxiety
SSRI side effects
sexual dysfunction increased suicidal ideation (<25) weight gain or weight loss headache nausea agitation
OCD psychosocial support
CBT -> focuses on changing maladaptive behaviours by uncovering and changing schemas. Brings awareness to automatic thoughts to modify them.
ERT - controlled exposure to triggers of obsessions in order to overcome anxiety through repetitive exposure
Psychodynamic psychotherapy vs CBT
CBT aims to change maladaptive behaviours by uncovering schemas (basic templates underlying automatic thoughts) and challenging them. It aims to elicit and modify automatic thoughts to lead to short term behaviour change regarding a specific problem.
PDPT is a long-term form of therapy also focuses on unconscious behaviour, but does so through evaluating past conflicts and childhood experiences. aims to facilitate shifts in behaviour, functioning, modes of attachment, and enhance interpersonal relationships
cognitive errors
all or nothing
magnification and minimisation
overgeneralisation
selective abstraction
supportive psychotherapy indication
substance use disorders
adjustment disorders
chronic or terminal illness
anticipatory guidance
rehearsal of potential problems. Anticipatory guidance is defined as proactive counseling that addresses the significant problems likely to occur in future
Neurocognitive domains
Complex attention Learning and memory Executive function Perceptual-motor Language Social cognition
DSM5 criteria major neurocognitive disorder
A significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in 1+ cognitive domains based on 1) concern of individual, knowledgeable informant, or clinician or 2) substantial imapairment doccumented by standardised neurological testing
B interferes with independance in daily activities
C not exclusive to delerium
D not other medical d/o
Defense mechanisms
repression denial projection displacement regression sublimation
CI psychodynamic psychotherapy
poor description of relationships
concrete thinking style
patient in crisis
poor ego strength
MND neuropathology
reduced cerebral cortex reduced entorhinal cortex reduced hippocampus enlarged ventricles dying neurons with tangles (tau protein) beta amyloid plaques
DSM5 ID
A Deficits in intellectual function (reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, planning, judgement, learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and individualised standardised intellectual testing
B deficits in adaptive functioning = failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards of personal independence and social responsibility. Limits functioning in 1+ ADLs across multiple environments
C Onset during developmental period
Define type 1 and type 2 Bipolar mood disorder
Bipolar Type 1 – criteria have been met for at least one manic episode. Can have depressive episodes. Mania is main feature. (1)
Bipolar Type 2 – criteria have been met for one or more hypomanic episodes and on or more depressive episodes. Has never been an episode of Mania. Depressive episodes are main feature of type 2. (1)
List and explain the classification of Bipolar Mood Disorder
Bipolar Type 1 – one or more episodes of mania or a mixed affective episode.
Bipolar Type 2 ) – one or more episodes of hypomania and recurrent depressive episodes
Rapid cycling bipolar disorder – 4 or more episodes of depression, mania or hypomania within 12 months
Cyclothymia – long history of marked mood variability but no discrete episodes which meet diagnostic criteria for a manic or depressive episode
