Saqs Flashcards
(34 cards)
the key steps during the embryonic development of the hand starting with the hand plate, and
state 4 congenital anomalies of the hand. (8 marks)
Formation of digital rays
●
Notching
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Webbing
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Separation via apoptosis
state 4 congenital anomalies of the hand
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
Amelia
Meromelia
Club foot
Brachydactyly
Name the boundaries and contents of the mid-palmar space. (6 marks)
BOUNDARIES OF THE MID-PALMAR SPACE (4 MARKS):
❖ Ventral - palmar aponeurosis
❖ Dorsal - 3rd to 5th metacarpal bones
❖ Medial - septum to the 5th metacarpal
❖ Lateral - septum to the 3rd metacarpal
CONTENTS (2 MARKS MAX):
- lumbricals
- synovial sheaths of long flexor tendons
- long flexor tendons
State any 2 varieties of spina bifida (2 marks)
Spina bifida cystica:
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With meningocele [1]
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With myelomeningocele [1]
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Myeloschisis [1]
CONTENTS OF THE MID-PALMAR SPACE (2 MARKS):
❖ Long flexor tendons
❖ Synovial sheaths of the above
❖ Lumbricals
3. a) Identify A and C in the diagram below. (2 m
Name two structures that contribute to the anterior column stability of the spine. (2 marks)
Anterior longitudinal ligament
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Anterior two-thirds of the vertebral body
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Anterior two-thirds of the intervertebral disc
Shxj
Name two structures that pass through the intervertebral foramen. (2 marks)
Spinal nerve
Dorsal nerve
- Describe the clinical relevance of the cavernous venous sinus
CLINICAL RELEVANCE:
➔ Cavernous sinus thrombosis - following spread of infections
➔ Compression of various cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus
➔ Rupture of the internal carotid artery within the sinus - pulsating exophtalmos
State the significance of the ischial spine. (1 mark
Pudendal nerve block
NB// A pudendal nerve block is an injection in your pelvic region that can provide temporary pain relief.
It aims to block the nerve as it enters the lesser sciatic foramen, 1 cm inferior and medial relative to the
attachment of the sacrospinous ligament to the ischial spine
- Name three internal rotators of the hip joint. (3 marks
Iliopsoas, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Name three joints where supination and pronation occur. (3 mar
Proximal radio-ulnar joint
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Middle radio-ulnar joint
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Distal radio-ulnar jo
Name three structures traversing the jugular foramen, and 2 structures traversing foramen spinosum.
(5 marks)
FORAMEN SPINOSUM: Middle meningeal artery, and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
(nervus spinosus).
JUGULAR FORAMEN:
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CN IX - glossopharyngeal nerve
5
-
CN X - vagus nerve
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CN XI - accessory nerve
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Sigmoid sinus
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Inferior petrosal sinus
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Posterior meningeal artery
Name two segments of the spine with a secondary curvature. (2 mark
Cervical segment
lumbar segment
State 2 stability factors of the spinal cord. (2 marks) [ SPINE AND SPINAL CORD ARE TWO
DIFFERENT THINGS! ]
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Continuation with the brain
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Spinal nerves
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Denticulate ligaments
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Filum terminale
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CSF
Name two arteries that form the plantar arterial arch. (2 marks)
Dorsalis pedis and Lateral plantar artery
Name two bursae that communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint. (2 marks)
Suprapatellar bursa
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Gastrocnemius bursa
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Popliteus bursa
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Anserine bursa
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Semimembranous bursa [SOMETIMES
Name two branches of the radial nerve in the axilla. (2 marks)
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
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Muscular branch to long head of triceps
State the embryonic sources of the following:
a) Muscles of the back (1 mark)
b) Nucleus pulposus (1 mark)
1)Epimere
2)Notochord
Name 4 arteries that contribute to the cruciate anastomosis. (4 marks)
Transverse branch of LCFA
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Transverse branch of MCFA
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Descending branch of IGA
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Ascending branch of 1st perforating artery
Name 4 branches of the common peroneal nerve. (4 marks)
Lateral sural (sural communicating)
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Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf
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Superior lateral genicular
Name two nerves active in shoulder hyper-abduction. (2 marks)
Long thoracic nerve
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(Spinal) accessory nerve
State the course and termination of the great saphenous vein. (6 marks)
COURSE:
Medial border/margin of the foot
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Anterosuperior to medial malleolus
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Medial leg/calf
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Posteromedial knee
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Medial thigh/femoral triangle
TERMINATION:
Femoral vein, at the femoral triangle
State the extents of the popliteal artery
EXTENTS:
-Adductor hiatus to lower part of popliteus/soleal arch
