Sarcoidosis Flashcards
(3 cards)
What is sarcoidosis? How does it happen
Sarcoidosis = granulomas
It is an inflammatory disease where tiny clumps of inflammatory cells called granulomas form in various organs. The exact cause is unknown, but it’s thought to result from an abnormal immune response to an unknown trigger, like infections or environmental factors, in genetically susceptible individuals.
The most commonly affected organs are the lungs and lymph nodes, but it can also affect the skin, eyes, heart, spleen and joints.
How joints?
Granulomas in sarcoidosis can form in the synovium, which is the lining of the joint. When these granulomas develop in the synovial tissue, they cause inflammation, leading to symptoms like pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected joint.
What is Lofgren’s Syndrome
Löffgren syndrome is an acute form of sarcoidosis, typically characterized by a triad of erythema nodosum (tender red nodules usually on the shins), bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes in the chest), and arthritis, often in the ankles. It usually has a good prognosis and may resolve on its own within a few months.
Treatment often focuses on symptom relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage joint pain and swelling. If symptoms are more severe, a short course of corticosteroids may be used - in cases of deteriorating oxygen saturation at rest
Good prognosis ?
Lofgren’s syndrome
- erythema nodosum
- ankle arthritis
- hilar lymphadenopathy
Whereas other types of acute flares of sarcoidosis involving cardiac, eyes or spleen - are not so benign and may need high dose corticosteroids and admission
