SARSCoV-2/ COVID-19

Question 1

Factors that promote transmission

• Overcrowding (R0 = 5.7)
• ______ humidity
•______ temperatures
•______ sanitation
• Travel
•________ spaces

Answer 1

Low

Low

Poor

Closed

Question 2

Microbiology of COVID-19

M
E
N
S
HE
RNA or DNA?

Answer 2

Membrane protein
Envelope protein
Nucleoprotein
Spike protein
Hemaglutinnin esterase
Genomic RNA

Question 3

COVID-19=COronaVIrusDisease2019
 Causative organism forCOVID-19 is a
coronavirus called _________

Answer 3

SARS CoV 2

Question 4

SARSCoV2= ____________________________ coronavirus 2

Answer 4

severe acute respiratory
syndrome v

Question 5

Aß-coronavirus,similar to __________ ,
and _____________.

Answer 5

MERSCoV

SARS CoV 1

Question 6

Coronavirus

It is a _______ sense, _______ stranded
____NAvirus.

Contains 4 structural proteins (___________)

Answer 6

positive; single

RNA; S,E,M,
N

Question 7

Coronavirus

The ____ protein attaches to the receptor
on human cells, the _____ molecule

Answer 7

S

ACE-2

Question 8

Pathogenesis Of SARS COV2

The ____________ cells are the primary target of the virus, via a cellular receptor which has been identified as ___________________ receptor, which are abundantly found on the _____________ cells of the lungs.

Answer 8

lung epithelial

angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)

type II alveolar

Question 9

Pathogenesis of SARS COV2

The virus also causes pathology in the GIT (ACE2 is found in the _____,______, and ———— epithelium)

the CNS and the CVS (both ___________ & chronic damage to the _____________ have been recorded).

Damage also occurs in the kidneys(_______), liver(___________), and the spleen( ____________ ).

Answer 9

gastric, SI and rectal

acute myocardial injury; vascular system

highACE2; cholangiocytes

macrophages

Question 10

Other contributory factors in the pathogenesis Of SARS COV2 may include:
___________________
Venous/ arterial thrombosis
____________ from poor intake and vomiting/ diarrhea.

Answer 10

Superimposed bacterial/ fungal infections

Dehydration

Question 11

Patients with severe COVID-19 subsequently develop features of ________________, with some patients
developing the ‘ _____________ ’ due to the high levels of circulating inflammatory markers and cytokines.

Answer 11

hyper-inflammation

cytokine storm

Question 12

After the incubation period , COVID-19 virus causes _________ symptoms and elicits _____________ responses.

• The successful elimination of the infection relies on the ________ and the ____________ of the infected individual.
• If the virus is not eliminated , the patient then enters severe stage , when ______________________ response occurs, especially in the _________.

Answer 12

non-severe; protective immune

health status; HLA haplotype

strong damaging inflammatory

lungs

Question 13

Approachtocare
S-I-N

 One of the most critical actions for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 is to _______________ and _________ such patients from otherswhoarenot infected.

Answer 13

identify cases early

separate

Question 14

Approach to care

 S-I-N
o__________
o___________
o ___________

Answer 14

Screen(triage)

Identify

Notify

Question 15

COVID-19Interventions
1.Supportive care
_________,_______,________,_______,________

2. Antivirals
   __________,_______,_______
    Others: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir – these have not been found to be useful
3. Others
    Anti-inflammatory agents: _______,_______
   ____________
   _________ plasma

Answer 15

Rehydration
Antibiotics
Anti-coagulants
Treat Comorbidities
Vitamins

Remdesevir, Favipiravir, Ivermectin

steroids, tocluzimab

Monoclonal antibodies; Covalescent

Question 16

COVID-19Interventions
1.Supportive care

Rehydration:______ fluids are preferred to ________ except ___________________

Antibiotics: For ___________________

Anti-coagulants: if the patient is on admission, __________ is choice. But _______ may be used as substitutes.

Treat Comorbidities: DM, HTN, CKD, etc

Vitamins:_____,_____,_____

Answer 16

oral; IVF ; thepatient cannot tolerate orally

superimposed bacterial infections

LMWH; DOACs

C, D, Zinc

Question 17

Diagnosis requires ____ tests in a patient with suggestive symptoms or significant exposure

Answer 17

PCR