Sauce

Question 1

What gives molds their fuzzy or wooly appearance?

Answer 1

Aerial mycelium

Question 2

What are the different shapes of Hyphae?

Answer 2

Antler
Racquet
Spiral
Rhizoids

Question 3

What is non/lightly pigmented?

Answer 3

Hyaline

Question 4

What is darkly pigmented due to its melanin production?

Answer 4

Dematiaceous (Phaeoid)

Question 5

What is dimorphism defined as?

Answer 5

Ability to exist in two forms based on growth conditions
Mold: 22C - 25C
Yeast: 37C

Question 6

How do arthroconidia reproduce?

Answer 6

Asexual
Fragmenting of fertile hyphae

Question 7

What are the four divisions of fungal taxonomies?

Answer 7

Mucorales
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Fungi Imperfecti

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Mucorales?

Answer 8

Rapid growers
Found in soil
Hyaline
Sporangiospores
Zygotes
Opportunistic pathogen

Question 9

What is significant about Fungi imperfecti?

Answer 9

No sexual reproduction
Largest number of causative agents for Mycoses

Question 10

What is the cause of Tinea versicolor?

Answer 10

Malessezia furfur
Spaghetti and meatballs

Question 11

What does Piedraia hortae cause?

Answer 11

Black piedra

Question 12

What causes white piedra and has a soft mycelial mat around hair shafts of the face, scalp, and pubic region?

Answer 12

Trichosporon spp

Question 13

What does Hortaea werneckii cause?

Answer 13

Tinea nigra
Brown/black nonscaly macules

Question 14

What part of the body do the three genera of fungi affect?

Answer 14

Nails (Thick, discoloration)
Hair
Skin
Causes onychomycosis

Question 14

What are the three keratinophilic genera of fungi?

Answer 14

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

Question 15

What part of the body does Tinea capitis, corporis, manuum, and unguium affect?

Answer 15

T. capitis: Head
T. corporis: Body
T. manuum: Hand
T. unguium: Nails

Question 16

What Tinea affects the feet? Which one affects beards? Which one affects the groin?

Answer 16

Feet: T. pedis
Beard: T. barbae
Groin: T. cruris

Question 17

What are F. compacta, F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, C. carrionii, and R. aquaspersa grouped into?

Answer 17

Chromoblastomycosis agents

Question 18

What does Sporotrichosis cause?

Answer 18

Sporothrix schenckii
Known as Rose Handlers Disease

Question 19

What are infections that affect internal organs or deep tissues of the body?

Answer 19

Systemic Mycoses

Question 20

What are the agents of Systemic Mycoses?

Answer 20

B. dermatitidis
H. capsulatum
C. immitis
P. brasiliensis
P. marneffei

Question 21

What does Blastomyces dermatitidis cause?

Answer 21

Blastomycosis
AKA Gilchrist’s disease

Question 22

Where is Blastomyces dermatitidis found?

Answer 22

Mississippi River basin
Ohio river valleys

Question 23

What causes Coccidioidomycosis and is the most virulent of all human mycotic agents?

Answer 23

Coccidioides immits
Endemeic to San Joaquin Valley of Cali and SW Texas

Question 24

What is the cause of Histoplasmosis?

Answer 24

Histoplasma capsulatum Cave/Spelunkers/Darlings Disease

Question 25

What is confirmatory for Histoplasma capsulatum?

Answer 25

Mold to yeast conversion Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar at 37C

Question 26

What appears as wrinkled to folded, velvety, leathery and resembles a "mariner's wheel"?

Answer 26

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 27

What is the most common cause of disease in bone marrow transplants with a 90% mortality rate?

Answer 27

Aspergillus Causes fungal balls in the lungs of agriculture workers

Question 28

What is an abundant arthroconidia causing pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 28

Geotrichum

Question 29

What is a short conidiophore with conidia that lengthen in an acropetal fashion and causes chronic fungal sinusitis?

Answer 29

Alternaria Classified as a Septate and Dematiaceous Saprophyte

Question 30

What specimens do we receive for yeast specimens? What does yeast require?

Answer 30

Urine Feces Vaginal secretions Requires identification

Question 31

How do we macroscopically characterize yeast?

Answer 31

Colony Color Texture

Question 32

What are the agents of yeast infections?

Answer 32

Candida spp Cryptococcus (Rhodotorula)

Question 33

What is the fourth most common cause of blood borne infection in the US, accounting for 10%-15% of all hospital acquired septicemias?

Answer 33

Candida albicans

Question 34

What is an opportunistic infection of AIDS patients, found in pigeon feces, and uses the India Ink test?

Answer 34

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 35

What is significant about Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 35

It is one of the primary fungal infections found in AIDS patients

Question 36

Why is a class II biosafety cabinet used?

Answer 36

To keep lab diagnosis of fungi safe

Question 37

What are the antimicrobials that are usually included with fungal media?

Answer 37

Gentamicin Chloramphenicol Cyclohexamide

Question 38

What is a Wood's lamp used for?

Answer 38

Finding infected hairs Hairs fluoresce under lamp

Question 39

What is not recommended in collection methods of blood and bone marrow?

Answer 39

Blood culture bottles

Question 40

What respiratory specimens are acceptable in collection methods?

Answer 40

Sputum (After waking) Pleural lavage Transtracheal aspirates

Question 41

When using KOH prep for examining specimens, what must we do to the cover?

Answer 41

Gently heat and cool for 15 minutes

Question 42

What dye binds to cellulose or polysaccharides present in chitin?

Answer 42

KOH with calcofluor white

Question 43

What is used on CSF and visualizes capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 43

India Ink

Question 44

What is the Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar enriched with?

Answer 44

Blood and antimicrobials

Question 45

What length and temp do we incubate Dimorphic organisms at?

Answer 45

37C 4 - 6 weeks

Question 46

How do we macroscopically identify fungi?

Answer 46

Color Texture Growth Rate

Question 47

How do we microscopically identify fungi?

Answer 47

Septate vs. sparsely septate hyphae

Question 48

What is useful for examining the microscopic morphology of an isolated fungus?

Answer 48

Mounting medium

Question 49

What is the role of Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) in the lab?

Answer 49

Kill Preserve Stain

Question 50

Why do we use slide cultures in identifying fungi?

Answer 50

Creates permanent slides Demonstrates natural morphology of fungal structures

Question 51

What is presumptive for the identification of Candida albicans?

Answer 51

Germ tube production Lacks constriction at the base where it attaches to mother cell

Question 52

What is second in importance to sugar assimilation in determining yeast identification?

Answer 52

Yeast morphology on Cornmeal Agar

Question 53

What are the four classes of drugs used for fungi?

Answer 53

Polyenes (Amphotericin B) Azoles (Fluconazole; largest number) Allylamines (Terbinafine/Naftifine) Echinocandins