Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURSING > Saunders-Endo > Flashcards

Saunders-Endo Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

portion of the diencephalon of the brain, forming the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

activate, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, and many somatic functions, such as body temperature, sleep and appetite

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

master gland

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

located at the base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

influenced by the hypothalamus; directly affects the function of the other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by the kidney, and controls sexual development and function

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endocrine glands

A

adrenal
hypothalamus
ovaries
pancreas
parathyroid
pituitary
testes
thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

risk factors for endocrine problems

A

age
poor diet
heredity
congenital factors
trauma
environmental factors
consequence of other health problems or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone
melanocyte-inhibiting hormone
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
growth hormone
luteinizing hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
prolactin
somatotropic growth-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

posterior pituitary gland hormones

A

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

regulates sodium and electrolyte balance; affects carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; influences the development of sexual characteristics; and sustains the fight-or-flight response

A

adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outer shell of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids and secretes small amounts of sex hormones

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

inner core of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

works as part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

located in the anterior part of the neck

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

controls the rate of body metabolism and growth and produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrocalcitonin

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

responsible for glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, fluid and electrolyte balance, suppression of the inflammatory response to injury, protective immune response to invasion by infectious agents, and resistance to stress

A

glucocorticoids: cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

regulation of electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion

A

mineralocorticoids: aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

located on the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

control calcium and phosphorus metabolism; produce parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

located posteriorly to the stomach

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

influences carbohydrate metabolism, indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism, and produces insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
located in the pelvic cavity and produce estrogen and progesterone
ovaries and testes
26
located in the scrotum, control the development of the secondary sex characteristics, and produce testosterone
testes
27
regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus nd pituitary gland
negative-feedback loop
28
increased amounts of target gland hormones in the bloodstream decrease secretion of the same hormone an other hormones that stimulate its release
negative-feedback loop
29
in the client with suspected underactivity of an endocrine gland, a stimulus may be provided to determine whether the gland is capable of normal hormone production
stimulation tests
30
measured amounts of selected hormones or substances are administered to stimulate the target gland to produce its hormone
stimulation tests
31
hormone levels produced by the target gland are measured
stimulation tests
32
failure of the hormone level to increase with stimulation indicates hypofunction
stimulation tests
33
test used when hormone levels are high or in the upper range of normal
suppression tests
34
why are agents that normally induce a suppressed response administered during suppression tests?
to determine whether normal negative feedback is intact
35
what does a failure of hormone production to be suppressed during standardized testing indicate?
hyperfunction
36
it is used to distingush between cushing's syndrome and cushing's disease
overnight dexamethasone suppression test
37
what is the source of excess cortisol in cushing's disease?
the source of excess cortisol is the pituitary gland rather than the adrenal cortex or exogenous corticosteroid administration
38
it is a potent long-acting corticosteroid given at bedtime that should suppress the morning cortisol in clients without cushing's disease by suppressing AcTH production
dexamethasone
39
this thyroid function test measures the absorption of an iodine isotope to determine how the thyroid gland is functioning
radioactive iodine uptake
40
41
42
a small dose of radioactive iodine is given by mouth or intravenously
radioactive iodine uptake
43
in radioactive iodine uptake, the amount of radioactivity is measured in how many hours?
2 to 4 hours and again at 24 hours
44
radioactive iodine uptake: what are the normal values for the amount of radioactivity at 2 to 4 hours?
3% to 19% at 2 to 4 hours
45
radioactive iodine uptake: what are the normal values for the amount of radioactivity in 24 hours?
11% to 30% in 24 hours
46
what does an elevated value of radioactive iodine indicate?
hyperthyroidism decreased iodine intake increased iodine excretion
47
what does a decreased value of radioactive iodine indicate?
low T4 level the use of antithyroid medications thyroiditis myxedema hypothyroidism
48
contraindication of radioactive iodine uptake test
pregnancy
49
these blood tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders
T3 and T4 resin uptake test
50
these hormones regulate thyroid-stimulating hormone
T3 and T4
51
normal values for Triiodothyronine (T3)
total T3: 110.4 to 337.7 ng/dL (1.7 to 5.2 pmol/L)
52
normal values for Thyroxine (T4)
total T4: 5 to 12 mcg/dL (64 to 154 nmol/L)
53
normal values for Thyroxine, free (FT4)
0.8 to 2.8 ng/dL (10 to 36 pmol/L)
54
is T4 level elevated in hyperthyroidism?
yes
55
is T4 level decreased in hypothyroidism?
yes
56
normal value for thyroid-stimulating hormone
0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L
57
what does an elevated value of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
primary hypothyroidism
58
what does a decreased value of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?
hyperthyroidism or secondary hypothyroidism
59
it is performed to identify nodules or growths in the thyroid gland
thyroid scan
60
in thyroid scan, what is administered first before scanning the thyroid gland?
radioisotope of iodine or technetium
61
is the level of radioactive medication dangerous to the client or not?
reassure the client that the level of radioactive medication is not dangerous to self or others
62
why do you need to determine whether the client has received radiographic contrast agents within the past 3 months prior to thyroid scan?
these may invalidate the scan
63
blood glucose bound to hemoglobin
HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin A)
64
a refletion of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled for the past 90 days
HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin A)
65
is fasting required in HbA1c?
not required
66
normal reference intervals for HbA1c
<6% (adult without diabetes)
67
diagnostic tests for pheochromocytoma
24-hour urine collection for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
68
normal range of urinary catecholamines (epinephrine)
epinephrine: less than 20 mcg/day (less than 109 nmol/day)
69
normal range of urinary catecholamines (norepinephrine)
norepinephrine: less than 100 mcg/day (less than 590 nmol/day)
70
hyposecretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones caused by tumors, trauma, encephalitis, autoimmunity, or stroke
hypopituitarism
71
72
what hormones are most often affected in hypopituitarism?
hormones most often affected are growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropic hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), but thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be involved
73
hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland in an adult; caused primarily by pituitary tumors
hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)
74
assessment of patient with hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)
a. large hands and feet b. thickening and protrusion of the jaw c. arthritic changes and joint pain, impingement syndromes d. visual disturbances e. diaphoresis f. oily, rough skin g. organomegaly h. hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiomegaly, heart failure i. dysphagia j. deepening of the voice k. thickening of the tongue, narrowing of the airway, sleep apnea l. hyperglycemia m. colon polyps, increased colon cancer risk
75
nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism
provide pharmacological interventions to suppress GH or to block the action of GH
76
nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism
prepare the client for radiation of the pituitary gland or for stereotactic radiosurgery if prescribed
77
nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism
prepare the client for hypophysectomy if planned
78
nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism
provide pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for joint pain
79
nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism
provide emotional support to the client and family, and encourage the client and family to express feelings related to disturbed body image
80
removal of a pituitary tumor via craniotomy or a sublabial transsphenoidal (endoscopic transnasal) approach
hypophysectomy (pituitary adenectomy, sublabial transsphenoidal pituitary surgery)
81
complications for craniotomy
increased ICP bleeding meningitis hypopituitarism
82
complications for the sublabial transsphenoidal surgery
cerebrospinal fluid leak infection diabetes insipidus hypopituitarism
83
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
monitor vital signs, neurological status, and level of consciousness
84
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
elevate the head of the bed
85
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
monitor for increased ICP
86
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
instruct the client to avoid sneezing, coughing, and blowing the nose
87
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
monitor for bleeding
88
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
monitor for and report signs of temporary diabetes insipidus; monitor intake and output, and report excessive urinary output
89
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
if the entire pituitary is removed, clients will require lifelong replacement of ADH, cortisol, and thyroid hormone
90
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
monitor for and report signs of infection and meningitis
91
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
administer antibiotics, analgesics, and antipyretics as prescribed
92
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
perform oral care, which may include mouth rinses, every 4 hours. clients may be instructed to avoid using a toothbrush or to brush teeth gently with an ultrasoft toothbrush for 10 days to 2 weeks after surgery
93
postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy
following transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, monitor for and report postnasal drip or clear nasal drainage, which might indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak. clear drainage should be checked for glucose
94

NURSING (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions