Savarese Ch 9: Craniosacram Motion

Question 1

What makes up the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)?

Answer 1

CNS + CSF + Dural Membranes + Cranial bones + Sacrum

Question 2

What does the PRN do?

Answer 2

Control and regulate pulmonary respiration (secondary respiration), circulation, digestion, and elimination.

Question 3

What 5 anatomical-physiological elements compose the PRM?

Answer 3

1. The inherent motility of the brain and spinal cord.
2. Fluctuation of CSF
3. The movement of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes.
4. The articular mobility of the cranial bones.
5. The involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia.

Question 4

What happens to the brain and spinal cord in the exhalation phase?

Answer 4

Lengthens and thins

Question 5

What happens to the brain and spinal cord in the inhalation phase

Answer 5

shortens and thickens

Question 6

Normal Cranial Rhythic Impulse rate:

Answer 6

10-14 cycles per minute

Question 7

What are 4 factors that decrease the rate and quality of the CRI?

Answer 7

1. stress (emotional, physical)
2. Depression
3. Chronic fatigue
4. Chronic infections

Question 8

What are 3 factors that will increase the rate and quality of the CRI?

Answer 8

1. Vigorous physical exercise
2. systemic fever
3. Following OMT to the craniosacral mechanism.

Question 9

What are the dural attachments?

Trigger Point

Answer 9

Foramen magnum, C2, C3, and S2 (posterior, superior surface)

Question 10

What is the Reciprocal Tension Membrane (RTM)?

Answer 10

The dura. it is inelastic - and due to its connections combined with the inherent motility of the CNS - you get cranial bone motion

Question 11

Through what axis does the involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilia occur?

Answer 11

slight rocking motion of the sacrum occurs about a transverse axis that runs through the superior transverse axis of the sacrum

Question 12

What are the articulations that make up the sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS)

Answer 12

sphenoid with the occiput.

KEYSTONE OF ALL CRANIAL MOVEMENT

Question 13

What are the midline bones of the cranium?

Answer 13

sphenoid, occiput, ethmoid, vomer

Question 14

During flexion of the SBS and midline bones, what happens to paired bones?

Answer 14

External rotation

Question 15

What happens to the sacral base during flexion of the SBS? aka COUNTERNUTATION

Answer 15

it moves posterior through the superior transverse axis.

Question 16

What does crainoflexion due to the AP diameter of the cranium/

Answer 16

DECREASES IT.

widen the head

Question 17

What axis is used for torsions

Answer 17

Anterio-posterior axis

Question 18

How are torsions named?

Answer 18

Named for the greater wing of the sphenoid that is more superior

Question 19

What motions and through which axis do we find in Sidebending/Rotation?

Answer 19

Rotation: through AP axis through the SBS
Sidebending occurs about two parallel vertical axes - one axis passes through foramen magnum and the other through the center of the sphenoid.

Question 20

In torsions, the occiput and the sphenoid rotate in the ______(Same/opposite) direction?

Answer 20

Opposite

Question 21

In Sidebending/Rotation strain pattern, the sphenoid and the occiput rotate in the _____(Same/opposite) direction?

Answer 21

Same

Question 22

What are the physiologic strain patterns?

Answer 22

Torsions and

Sidebending/Rotation

Question 23

For a sidebending/rotation strain pattern:

If the sphenoid and occiput are inferior on the left, how is this named?

Answer 23

Left sidebending

Question 24

What happens in a Vertical Strain?

Answer 24

Is present when the sphenoid deviates cephalad (superior vertical strain) or caudad (inferior vertical strain) in relation to the occiput.

Question 25

What axis is involved with vertical strain?

Answer 25

2 transverse axis: one through center of the sphenoid other superior to the occiput

Question 26

When is a lateral strain present?

Answer 26

sphenoid deviates laterally in relation to the occiput

Question 27

Lateral strain: the sphenoid deviates to the right. How would this be named?

Answer 27

Right lateral strain

Question 28

What axis are present in lateral strain patterns?

Answer 28

two vertical axis: one through the center of the sphenoid Other through foramen magnum

Question 29

What can cause a compression strain pattern?

Answer 29

trauma to the back of the head

Question 30

CN: I Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 30

Cribiform plate; sphenoid; frontal; ethmoid altered sense of smell

Question 31

CN: II Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 31

Optic canal; Sphenoid, occiput; Visual changes

Question 32

CN: III Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 32

Superior orbital fissure; Sphenoid, temporal Diplopia, ptosis, or accommodation problems

Question 33

CN: IV Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 33

Superior orbital fissure; Sphenoid, temporal Diplopia

Question 34

CN: V1 Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 34

Superior orbital fissure sphenoid; temporal Decreased sensation to eyelid and scalp

Question 35

CN: V2 Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 35

Foramen rotundum; Sphenoid, temporal, maxillae, mandible Tic Douloureux

Question 36

CN: V3 Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 36

Foramen ovale; Sphenoid; Decrease sensation to the mandible

Question 37

CN: VI Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 37

Superior orbital fissure; Sphenoid, temporal Diplopia, esotropia

Question 38

CN: VII Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 38

Enteres internal acoustic meatus and exits the stylomastoid foramen; sphenoid, temporal; occiput Bell's Palsy

Question 39

CN: VIII Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 39

Internal acoustic meatus; Sphenoid, temporal, occiput; Tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss

Question 40

CN: IX Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 40

Jugular foramen; | Temporal, occiput

Question 41

CN: X Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 41

Jugular foramen; Temporal, occiput, OA, AA, C2; Headaces, arrhythmias, GI upset, respiratory problems

Question 42

CN: XI Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 42

Spinal divisions enter formaen magnum joins with cranial divisions and exits the jugular foramen; Temporal; occiput; Tenderness in the SCM or trapezius

Question 43

CN: XII Exits the cranium: Somatic dysfunction of: Symptoms associated with dysfunction:

Answer 43

Hypoglossal canal; Occiput; Dysphagia

Question 44

What is the goal of craniosacral treatment?

Answer 44

.... is to reduce venous congestion, mobilize articular restrictions, balance the SBS and enhance the rate and amplitude of the C.R.I.

Question 45

What is the purpose of the venous sinus technique?

Answer 45

To increase venous flow through the venous sinuses (responsible for 85-95% of drainage from cranium into jugular) so that blood may exit the skull through the jugular foramen.

Question 46

What is the purpose/effect of the CV4

Answer 46

To enhance the amplitude of the CRI | CV4 will increase the amplitude of the CRI

Question 47

What is the purpose of the vault hold?

Answer 47

To address the strains at the CBS

Question 48

What is the purpose of the V spread?

Answer 48

To separate restricted or impacted sutures.

Question 49

What is the purpose of the lift technique?

Answer 49

Frontal and parietal lifts are commonly used to aid in the balance of membranous tension.