SB1

Question 1

What are the sub cellular structures of an animal cell

Answer 1

Ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm and cell membrane

Question 2

What are the sub cellular structures of a plant cell

Answer 2

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuole, ribosomes, cytoplasm and chloroplasts

Question 3

What does a nucleus do

Answer 3

Controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

What does the cell membrane do

Answer 4

Controls what goes in and out of the cell and holds the cell together

Question 5

What does the cell wall do

Answer 5

Supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 6

What does the mitochondria do

Answer 6

It is where respiration happens

Question 7

What does the vacuole do

Answer 7

Maintains internal pressure to support the cell

Question 8

What do ribosomes do

Answer 8

Involved in translation of genetic material in synthesis of proteins

Question 9

What do cytoplasm do

Answer 9

Controls most of chemical reactions

Question 10

What do chloroplasts do

Answer 10

It’s where photosynthesis happens

Question 11

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 11

Vacuole, cell wall, choloroplasts

Question 12

What’s in a bacterial cell

Answer 12

Chromosomal DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, plasmid DNA, flagellum

Question 13

What does chromosomal DNA do

Answer 13

Controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free. Not a nucleus

Question 14

What does plasmid DNA do

Answer 14

Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmid contains genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria.

Question 15

What does the flagellum do

Answer 15

Long hair like structure that rotates to makes the bacterium move. Used to move bacteria away from harmful substances like toxins and towards beneficial things like nutrients and oxygen.

Question 16

What do eukaryotic cells have

Answer 16

A true nucleus e.g animal and plant cells

Question 17

What don’t prokaryotic cells have

Answer 17

A nucleus e.g bacteria cells

Question 18

Name 5 specialised cells

Answer 18

Egg cell, sperm cell, red blood cell, white blood cell, ciliated epithelical cell, microvili (small intestine)

Question 19

What does the egg cell do

Answer 19

Carry’s the female DNA and it nourishes the developing embryo

Question 20

How is the egg cell adapted to its function

Answer 20

Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo, after fertilisation it changes structure to stop more sperm.

Question 21

What does the egg cell look like

Answer 21

Nucleus in the middle, jelly coat round the outside and cytoplasm has a lot of nutrients

Question 22

What is the function of the sperm cell

Answer 22

Transports the male’s DNA to the females egg

Question 23

How is the sperm cell adapted to its function

Answer 23

Long tail to swim, lots of mitochondria for energy and has achromosomes in the head to store enzymes

Question 24

What does the sperm cell look like

Answer 24

Tail at the end. Nucleus in the head. Acromosome in the front of the head

Question 25

What is the function of the ciliated epithilical cell

Answer 25

To move substances

Question 26

How is the ciliated epithilical cell adapted to its function

Answer 26

Has cilia on the top of the cell which helps move the substance

Question 27

What die stud ciliated epithilical cell look like

Answer 27

Cilia on the top. Nucleus in the middle of each section

Question 28

What is the function of the microvilli

Answer 28

To absorb small food

Question 29

How is microvilli adapted to its function

Answer 29

Membrane switch many tiny folds. Increased surface area

Question 30

What does the microvilli look like

Answer 30

Has 3 sections with a lot of mitochondria in

Question 31

What’s resolution

Answer 31

Ability of the microscope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together

Question 32

What’s magnification

Answer 32

Ratio of the size of an image to the size of an object

Question 33

What mm

Answer 33

Millimetres

Question 34

What’s um

Answer 34

Micrometer

Question 35

What’s nm

Answer 35

Manometer

Question 36

What’s pm

Answer 36

Picometer

Question 37

What’s mm in standard form

Answer 37

-3 | X10

Question 38

Whats micrometer in standard form

Answer 38

-6 | X 10

Question 39

What’s nanometer in standard form

Answer 39

-9 | X10

Question 40

What’s picometer in standard form

Answer 40

-12 | X10

Question 41

What’s standard form used for

Answer 41

Used to shorten numbers

Question 42

How do u work out magnification

Answer 42

Image size Magnification = —————- Actual size

Question 43

How do you work out the actual size

Answer 43

Image size Actual size = ————— Magnification

Question 44

How work out the image size

Answer 44

Actual size x magnification

Question 45

How do you test for starch

Answer 45

Put starch in a test tube Ad iodine If it goes blue/ Black it’s positive if orange its negative

Question 46

How test for glucose

Answer 46

``` Put glucose in a test tube Add some drops of Benedict’s solution Heat the solution in a beaker of hot water If positive it goes G -Y-O-R If negative stays blue ```

Question 47

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 47

Amylase

Question 48

How do carbohydrates break down into glucose

Answer 48

Amylase cuts the bonds of the carbohydrates to make glucose

Question 49

What is a catalyst

Answer 49

A molecule which speeds up chemical reactions

Question 50

What are globular catalysts

Answer 50

Enzymes which act as a catalyst by lowering activation energy

Question 51

What’s a lock and key hypothesis

Answer 51

Every enzyme has a specific substrate that fits into the active site.

Question 52

What the active site

Answer 52

Where the substrate binds with the enzyme and undergoes a chemical reaction

Question 53

What’s an enzyme substrate complex

Answer 53

When the enzyme and substrate form

Question 54

What happens to the substrate after the enzyme substrate complex is formed

Answer 54

It splits in half

Question 55

What’s most enzymes optimum temperature

Answer 55

40 degrees c

Question 56

What’s mostenzymes optimum ph

Answer 56

7 but pepsin has an optimum pH of 2

Question 57

What are catabolic enzymes

Answer 57

Breaker enzymes - split up large molecules into smaller ones

Question 58

What are anabolic enzymes

Answer 58

Builder enzymes - join small molecules together to make larger ones

Question 59

What’s diffusion

Answer 59

Movement of molecules from a high concentration of molecules to a low concentration

Question 60

What’s osmosis

Answer 60

Molecules from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated solution

Question 61

What’s active transport

Answer 61

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient