SB1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

Eyepec lens

A

The part of the microscope you look down

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2
Q

Magnification

A

How much bigger something appears compared with its actual size

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3
Q

Objective lens

A

The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Smallest change that can be measured by an instrument e.g. the smallest distance between two points

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5
Q

Stain

A

A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A type of reparation in which oxygen is used to release energy from a substance e.g. glucose

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7
Q

Cell (surface) membrane

A

The membrane that controls what goes into and out of a cell

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8
Q

Cell sap

A

Liquid found n the permanent vacuole in a plant cell

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

A tough layer of material around some cells (plant cells) which is used for protection and support. It is made of cellulose in plant cells

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10
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green substance found in chloroplasts. I traps energy transferred by sunlight

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

A green disk containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells. Using photosynthesis makes glucose

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12
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure sound in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule.

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The watery jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities take place

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14
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information. SHort for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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15
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic.

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16
Q

Field of view

A

The circle of light you see looking down a microscope

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17
Q

Mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

A

A sub-cellular structure (organelle) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where aerobic respiration occurs.

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

The “control centre” of a eukaryotic cell

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19
Q

Ribosome

A

Tiny sub-cellular structure that makes proteins

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20
Q

Scale bar

A

A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification

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21
Q

Scientific paper

A

An article written by a scientist about experiments and conclusions

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22
Q

(Permanent) Vacuole

A

Storage space in cells and helps to keep a plant rigid

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23
Q

Acrosome

A

The tip of the head of a sperm cell which contains enzymes

24
Q

Adaption/Adapted

A

The features that something has to do a certain job/Adapted to a function

25
Ciliates epithelial cell
A cell that lines certain tubes of the body and has cilia on its surface
26
Cillium
A small hair-like structure on the surface of some cells. Plural to cilia.
27
Digestion
A process that breaks molecules into smaller, more soluble substances
28
Diploid
Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes
29
Egg cell
THe female gamete (sex cell)
30
Embryo
The tiny new life that grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell (zygote)
31
Enzyme
A substance that can speed up the process in living things (e.g. breaking down molecules)
32
Epithelial cell
A cell found on the surfaces of parts of the body
33
Fertilisation
Fusing a male gamete and female gamete
34
Gamete
A cell used for sexual reproduction
35
Haploid
Describes a cell that has one set of chromosomes
36
Microvillus
A fold on the surface of a virus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli.
37
Oviduct
A tube that carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus of females. Fertilisation happens here
38
Specialised cell
A cell that is adapted for a certain specific function (job)
39
Sperm cell
The male gamete (sex cell)
40
Chromosomal DNA
DNA found in chromosomes but the term is often used to describe the large loop of DNA found in bacteria
41
DNA
A substance that contains genetic information. Shout for deoxyribonucleic acid.
42
Flagellum
A tail-like structure that rotates,allowing a unicellular organism to move.
43
Plasmid
A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria
44
Plasmid DNA
DNA found in plasmids
45
Prokaryotic
A cell with no nucleus such as bacteria
46
Biological catalyst
A substance found in living organisms that speeds up reactions (an enzyme)
47
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction, without itself being used up.
48
Digest
To break up large molecules into smaller subunits. Particularly in the digestive system
49
Monomer
A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself to form a polymer
50
Polymer
A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms. Formed by joining monomers together.
51
Product
A substance formed in a reaction
52
Substrate
A substance that is changed during a reaction
53
Synthesis
To build a large molecule from smaller subunits
54
Benedict’s solution
A bright blue chemical reagent that turns orange or red when warmed with a solution of reducing sugars
55
Biuret test
A test that uses