SB1C Specialised Cells Flashcards
How many types of specialised cells in humans
About 200 types
What are specialised cells and an example
Specialised cells are cells adapted to a specific function . Eg egg cell
Specialised cell for digestion and what it does
The epithelial cells that line the small intestine absorb small food molecules produced by digestion.
The cells are adapted by having membranes with loads of tiny folds called microvilli.
This adaptation increases the surface area of the cell meaning more molecules can be absorbed at a time leading to a faster absorption process .
What organ makes enzymes needed to digest certain foods
The pancreas makes enzymes needed to digest certain foods in the small intestine
What’s sexual reproduction
When Two specialised sex cells ( gametes ) fuse to create a new cell which develops into an embryo . The human gametes are egg and sperm cell
Name the adaptations of the female human gamete
Cell membrane - the part the sperm cell fuses with and is adapted to become hard after fertilisation to stop other sperm cells entering .
The jelly coat - protects the egg and also becomes hard to ensure that only one sperm cell enters the cell .
Cytoplasm - packed with nutrients to supply the fertilised egg cell with energy and raw materials for growth and development of the embryo
Name the adaptations of the human male gamete
Head - shaped streamlined to swim faster
Tip of the head - contains a small vacuole called the acrosome which contains enzymes that break down the substances in the eggs jelly coat allowing it to burrow inside
Tail - has a flagella which moves from side to side to allow the sperm to swim .
Body - large number of mitochondria arranged in spiral to relapse lots of energy to power the tail
What adaptation allows the egg to be transported from the oviduct to the uterus
The oviduct cells are adapted for this function by having hair like cillia .
The cillia are like short sperm cell Gauls and wave from side to side to sweep substances along .
In the case in the oviduct sweeping along the egg .
They are called cilliated epithelial cells
