SB2

Question 1

Diploid cells

Answer 1

Cells with two copies of each chromosome

Question 2

Haploid

Answer 2

Cells that contain one of each type of chromosome (e.g gamete)

Question 3

DNA replication

Answer 3

Making copies of all the chromosomes

Question 4

Mitosis

Answer 4

Cell division. The cell splits to form two daughter cells, which are both identical to the parent cell.

Question 5

Cell differentiation

Answer 5

Changing less specialized less into specialized cells.

Question 6

Why does a red blood cell have no nucleus

Answer 6

To allow more space for red hemoglobin molecules (which carry oxygen) Also larger surface area to allow oxygen to diffuse in and out quicker.

Question 7

Why do nerve cells have long fiber

Answer 7

It carries electrical impulses around the body and connects it to other neurons

Question 8

Muscle cells

Answer 8

Contain special contractile proteins that can shorten the cell

Question 9

Cytoplasm of fat cells

Answer 9

The cytoplasm if filled with large fat droplets. The fat is stored until the body needs energy

Question 10

Measuring growth

Answer 10

Final value-starting value/ starting value *100

Question 11

Meristems

Answer 11

Groups of cells near the end of each shoot and root that allows plants to continue growing throughout their lives

Question 12

Elongation

Answer 12

Cells that increase in lengths

Question 13

Palisade cells

Answer 13

Plant cells found inside leaves near the top surface. Their main function is photosynthesis.

Question 14

Stem cells

Answer 14

Cells that can divide repeatedly over a long period of time to produces cell that differentiate are called stem cells

Question 15

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 15

The cells of an early age embryo

Question 16

Adult stem cells

Answer 16

By the time the animal is fully developed, the stem cells can usually only produce the type of specialized cells that is in the tissue around them. Adult stem cells in human tissues allow the tissues to grow and replace old or damaged cells

Question 17

Rejection

Answer 17

Sometimes, stem cells from one person are often killed by the immune system of other people that they are put into

Question 18

Neurons

Answer 18

Nerve cells

Question 19

Central nervous system

Answer 19

The brain and the spine form the CNS, which controls your body. Nerves make up the rest of the nervous system which allows all your body parts to communicate.

Question 20

Impulses

Answer 20

Electrical signals

Question 21

Stimulus

Answer 21

Anything your body is sensitive to, including changes inside your body and your surroundings.

Question 22

Receptor cells

Answer 22

Cells that detect stimuli and then create impulses to send to the brain. The brain processes this information and then sends impulses to your body to cause a response

Question 23

Neurotransmission

Answer 23

The traveling of impulses.

Question 24

Sensory neuron

Answer 24

It’s function is to carry impulses from a receptor cell towards the CNS.

Question 25

Dendrite

Answer 25

An impulse passes through a tiny branch called a dendrite.

Question 26

Dendron

Answer 26

The impulse is passed to the dendron from the dendrite, and then passed through the axon.

Question 27

Axon terminals

Answer 27

Takes the impulse from the axon and transmits it to other neurons

Question 28

Myelin sheath

Answer 28

A fatty layer surrounding the dendron and axon, which insulates the neuron to stop the signal from losing energy. It also males and impulse jump along the ell between gaps in the myelin.

Question 29

Motor neuron

Answer 29

Carries impulses to effectors

Question 30

Synapses

Answer 30

One neuron meets another at a synapse. which is a gap. When an impulse reaches an axon terminal, a neuron transmitter substance is released into the gap. This is detected by the next neuron, which generates a new impulse. Synapses slow down neurotransmission.

Question 31

Reflex arc

Answer 31

Neuron pathways that bypass the parts of the brain involved so that the responses are quicker (you dont have to process the information first, instead you just act on the stimulus)

Question 32

What happens in mitosis

Answer 32

Interphase- duplicate chromosomes before mitosis starts —— prophase- nucleus is still present, chromosomes are condensing metaphase- nucleus is disassembled, chromosomes line up in middle of cell anaphase- chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell (spindle fibers move them) telophase- new nuclei are forming on each side of the cell cytokinesis- splits into two cells