SB3 - Genetics

Question 1

ABO blood groups

Answer 1

System of sorting hyman blood into one of four phenotypes (A, B, AB, O) on the basis of antigens on blood cells.

Question 2

alleles

Answer 2

Most genes come in different versions called animals

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Producing new organisms from one parent only. These organisms are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 4

chromosome

Question 5

clones

Answer 5

The offspring from asexual reproduction. All thecells in a clone are genetically identical to each other and to the parent’s cells.

Question 6

complementary base pairs

Answer 6

Two DNA bases that fit into each other and link by hydrogen bonds.

Question 7

daughter cells

Answer 7

A new cell produced from the division of a parent cell.

Question 8

diploid

Answer 8

A cell or nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, almost all cells except the sperm and egg cells are diploid.

Question 9

DNA bases

Answer 9

adenine, thymine, cytosime and guanine (ATCG)

Question 10

double helix

Answer 10

The shape of a DNA molecule, consisting of 2 helices.

Question 11

egg cell

Answer 11

The femalte gamete (sex cell).

Question 12

environmental variation

Answer 12

Differences between organisms caused by enviromental factors such as the amount of heat, light and damage caused by other organisms.

Question 13

fertilisation

Answer 13

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.

Question 14

gametes

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

A section of the long strand of DNA found in a chromosome that often contains instructions for a specific protein.

Question 16

genetic code

Answer 16

A set of rules defining how the base order in DNA or RNA is turned into a specific sequence of amino acids joined in a polypeptide chain.

Question 17

genetic diagram

Answer 17

A diagram showing how the alleles in two parents may form different combinations in the offspring when the parents reproduce.

Question 18

genetic disorders

Answer 18

A disorder caused by faulty alleles.

Question 19

genetic variation

Answer 19

Differences between organisms caused by differences in the alleles they inherit from their parents, or differences in genes caused by mutation. Also called inherited variation.

Question 20

genome

Answer 20

All of the DNA in an organism. Each body cell contains a copy of the genome.

Question 21

genotype

Answer 21

The alleles for a certain characteristic that are found in an organism.

Question 22

haploid

Answer 22

A cell or nucleus that has one set of chromosomes.

Question 23

heterozygous

Answer 23

When both sides of the alleles for a gene are different in an organism.

Question 24

Human Genome Project

Answer 24

The international project that mapped the base pairs in the human genome.

Question 25

hydrogen bond

Answer 25

A weak force of attraction caused by differences in the electrical charge on different parts of different molecules.

Question 26

invertibretes

Answer 26

Animal without bones, such as an insect or worm.

Question 27

meosis

Answer 27

A form of cell division in which one parent cell produces four haploid daughter cells.

Question 28

mitosis

Answer 28

The process of dividing to produce two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 29

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 29

A single strand of RNA produced in transcription.

Question 30

mutation

Answer 30

A change to a gene caused by a mistake in copying the DNA base pairs during cell division, or by the effects of radiation or certain chemicals.

Question 31

phenotype

Answer 31

The characteristics produced by a certain set of alleles.

Question 32

polymers

Answer 32

A long-chain molecule made by joining many smaller molecules together.

Question 33

probability

Answer 33

The likelihood of an evernt happening. It can be shown as a fraction from 0 to 1, a decimal from 0 to 1 or as a percentage from 0% to 100%

Question 34

punnet squares

Answer 34

A diagram used to predict the characteristics of offspring produced by two organisms with known conbinations of alleles.

Question 35

RNA

Answer 35

Abbreviation for ribonucleic acid. The molecules is made of phosphate groups and riobose sugars linke dtogether with one of four bases.

Question 36

sex chromosomes

Answer 36

A chromosome that defines the sex of an organism.

Question 37

sexual reproduction

Answer 37

Reproduction that needs a male and female parent.

Question 38

sperm cell

Answer 38

The male gamete (sex cell)

Question 39

transcription

Answer 39

The process which the genetic dode in one strand of DNA molecules is used to make mRNA.

Question 40

variation

Question 41

vertibretes

Answer 41

Animal with bones, such as humans.

Question 42

zygote

Answer 42

A fertilised egg cell.