SB5

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

A microorganisms that causes a disease.

Question 2

Communicable

Answer 2

A disease that can spread between person caused by microorganisms.

Question 3

Non-communicable

Answer 3

A disease that cannot be passed between people, caused by a problem in the body.

Question 4

Immune

Answer 4

The system that tries to protect the body from diseases.

Question 5

Health

Answer 5

The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Question 6

Disease

Answer 6

Any change in the normal structure of function of any body part, organ, or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms.

Question 7

Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 7

Diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.

Question 8

BMI

Answer 8

Body Mass Index
Uses mass (kg) and height (m) to predict the amount of fat.
BMI of 30+ is considered obese.

Question 9

Vectors

Answer 9

Organisms that spread/carry the pathogen from one to another.

Question 10

Malaria

Answer 10

Pathogen: Plasmodium
Type of Pathogen: Protist
Host: Mosquitoes
Symptoms: Shaking chills, Profuse sweating, Anaemia

Question 11

Tuberculosis

Answer 11

Pathogen: mycobacterium
Type of Pathogen: Bacterium
Host: Body
Symptoms: Coughing, Night Sweat, Fatigue

Question 12

AIDS

Answer 12

Pathogen: HIV
Type of Pathogen: Virus
Host: Body
Symptoms: Soar throat, raised temperature

Question 13

Diarrhoea

Answer 13

Pathogen: E-coli, Salmonella, Shigella
Type of Pathogen: Bacterium
Host: Body
Symptoms: Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Frequent passing of water feces

Question 14

HIV

Answer 14

Pathogen: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Type of Pathogen: Virus
Host: Body
Symptoms: Soar throat, Swollen glands, Body rash

Question 15

Cholera

Answer 15

Pathogen: Cholerae
Type of Pathogen: Bacterium
Host: Humans + Animals
Symptoms: Watery diarrhoea, Rapid heart beat, Dry mouth

Question 16

Tobacco

Answer 16

Tobacco smoke contains harmful substances that damage the lungs when breathed in.
They can be absorbed into the blood and transported around the body damaging blood vessels.

Question 17

Waist-hip ratio

Answer 17

It is sometimes used instead of the BMI as it only uses the circumference of your waist (where most of the fat is stored) and the circumference of the hip.

Question 18

Obesity

Answer 18

When large amounts of fat form under the skin.

Question 19

Cardio vascular

Answer 19

The heart and blood vessels

Question 20

Airborne diseases

Answer 20

Diseases that can travel in the air and spread.

Question 21

Function of the capsid of a virus

Answer 21

Preitects DNA

Question 22

Genetic material function in virus

Answer 22

Help reproduce when a cell is hijacked

Question 23

Function of a tail fibre on a virus

Answer 23

Movements

Question 24

Lytic cycle

Answer 24

• virus attacks the host
• Virus injects it’s DNA into the host cell.
• Host cell begins to follow virus’ instructions when reproducing.
• Host cell lyes re are do many viruses in it, so it bursts.

Question 25

Virus

Answer 25

A particle that can infect cells and cause cells to make copies of the virus.

Question 26

Physical barriers

Answer 26

They block pathogens and stop them from getting past them, or making it difficult to do so. Skin Ciliates cells Mucus

Question 27

Chemical barriers

Answer 27

They react with substances in the pathogens and either kill them or make them inactive. Lysozyme Hydrochloric acid Mucus

Question 28

Lysozyme

Answer 28

Chemical barrier Enzyme created by the skin that breaks down cell walls of bacteria. It reacts with substances in the pathogen to kill it or inactivate it. Found in tears, saliva and mucus.

Question 29

Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 29

Chemical barrier Reduces the pH of the stomach contents to around 2. Many pathogens are destroyed at this acidity, only a few are adapted to survive.

Question 30

Skin

Answer 30

Physical barrier Very thick over most of the body. Makes it difficult for pathogens to get past it.

Question 31

Ciliates cells

Answer 31

Physical barrier They are specialised to move/waft substances across their surfaces using tiny hair-like structures. They help carry dust and pathogens out of the body or into the throat. Found in the breathing system.

Question 32

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 32

Longer and sneaky cycle. Contains a bacteriophage which is a virus that attacks a bacteria. The bacteriophage injects its DNA hidden in the bacteria’s DNA. As the host replicates it also replicates virus. This could trigger the lytic cycle. Thai then leads to the bacteria to lyse.

Question 33

STIs

Answer 33

Sexually transmitted infections

Question 34

Lymphocytes

Answer 34

Special white blood cells which are used to combat pathogens if they get into the body.

Question 35

Antibiotic Static

Answer 35

These stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. | Interferes with Bacteria’s mitosis, DNA replication, metabolism and protein production.

Question 36

Antibiotic cidal

Answer 36

Prevents Bacteria from creating a cell wall. No cell wall=Cell death Punches holes into the cell

Question 37

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Answer 37

Attack any bacteria, even useful ones in our stomach.

Question 38

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

Answer 38

Only attack some bacteria and are better to use than broad spectrum bacteria.

Question 39

Who found about antibiotics?

Answer 39

Alexander Fleming

Question 40

Some of inhibition

Answer 40

Where there is no bacteria or any thing present on the area.

Question 41

4 stages of of making a new drug

Answer 41

1. Lab testing on tissue cultures 2. Animal testing 3. Clinical Human testing 4. Public

Question 42

What does a new drug have to be?

Answer 42

Effective Safe Easily absorbed and removed form the body Have minimal effects

Question 43

Hybridoma cells

Answer 43

Cells that are made by fusing a lymphocyte and cancer cell.