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SBM > SBM: Pharmacology & therapeutics - Respiratory > Flashcards

SBM: Pharmacology & therapeutics - Respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

What are the pathological features of emphysema (6)

A 
Infiltration of neutrophils and CD8 lymphocytes 
Squamous metaplasia 
Increased epithelial mucous cells
Mucus gland hyperplasia 
Loss if interstitial support 
Muscle is normal - contraction unopposed
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1
Q

What are the inflammatory changes in asthma. (There are 8)

A 
Infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes
Smooth muscle hypertrophy -- poor relaxation -- wheeze
Epithelial desquamation
Basement membrane thickening
Mucus gland hyperplasia
Vasodilation 
Mucus plugging 
Oedema of mucosa and submucosa
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2
Q

Consequence of COPD

A 
Airflow obstruction 
Impaired ventilation. 
v/q mismatch
Excess mucus 
Cor pulmonale
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3
Q

What is cor pulmonale

A

?

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4
Q

Explain V-Q mismatch

A

?

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5
Q

What factors effect compliance

A 
Simple treatment plan
Pt perception of severity 
Easy to do/take
Good dr-pr relationship
Low side/effects
Family
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6
Q

What are B-Adrenergic agonist? What do they work on?

A

??

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7
Q

Name a short acting b-Adrenergic agonist

A

Salbutamol

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8
Q

Salmeterol is what class/type of drug

A

Beta Adrenergic long acting agonist

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9
Q

Name a combination B Adrenergic agonist

A

Seretide

Symbicort

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10
Q

What is seretide

A

Serevent and flixotide

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11
Q

What do xanthines stimulate

A

CNS, the heart. Skeletal muscle. Cilia. Urine output. Gastric secretions

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12
Q

Xanthines cause an elevation of blood sugar and insulin. True?

A

True

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13
Q

Xanthines cause an elevation of?

A

FFA
blood sugar
Insulin

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14
Q

Xanthines inhibit what?

A

Smooth muscle

Vascular and bronchial

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15
Q

What effect do xanthines have on bronchial smooth muscle

A

Inhibits it

16
Q

Xanthines on resp system have what effect?

A

Stimulate cilia

Inhibits smooth muscle - bronchial

17
Q

What is theophylline

A

Second line bronchodilator

18
Q

When is theophylline used?

A

Nocturnal asthma
Acute severe asthma
When avoiding steroids

19
Q

Mechanism of theophylline ?

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase
It is an antagonist to adenosine receptor
Increase cathecholamine release
T-lymphocyte modulation

20
Q

Examples of xanthines

A

Caffeine

Theophylline

21
Q

What drug family is theophylline in?

A

Xanthines

22
Q

Mechanism that causes Side effects of theophylline are?

A 
Gastric acid secretion
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle 
Stimulates myocardium
Increase FFA/cathecholamine a
Stimulates CNS
23
Q

Stimulation of gastric acid causes what S/E?

A

Anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, abdo pain

24
Q

Increase in cathecholamine a causes what?

A

arrhythmia

25
Q

CNS stimulation by theophylline… (Side effects ) cause

A

Restlessness, tremor, insomnia., convulsions

SBM (13 decks)

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