SC1- Vocabulary

Question 1

Anion-

Answer 1

A negatively charged ion. Formed when a atom gains atleast one electron.

Question 2

Atom-

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

Question 3

Atomic Nucleus-

Answer 3

Postively charged object composed of protons and neutons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.

Question 4

Atomic Number-

Answer 4

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 5

Avogadro’s Constant-

Answer 5

The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance.

Question 6

Cation-

Answer 6

A positively charged ion. Formed when an atom loses at least one electron.

Question 7

Compound-

Answer 7

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.

Question 8

Concentration-

Answer 8

The amount of substance (e.g. the mass) in a certain volume of a solution.

Question 9

Conductor-

Answer 9

A material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.

Question 10

Conservation Of Mass-

Answer 10

A law that states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the product equals the mass of the reactants.

Question 11

Covalent Bond-

Answer 11

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.

Question 12

Dalton Model-

Answer 12

Dalton described atoms as solid spheres, stating that different spheres made up the different elements.

Question 13

Diamond-

Answer 13

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.

Question 14

Electron-

Answer 14

Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible)

Question 15

Electron Shell-

Answer 15

Different engery levels in atoms occupied by electrons.

Question 16

Electrostatic Forces-

Answer 16

The strong forces of atraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 17

Element-

Answer 17

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 18

Empirical Formula-

Answer 18

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 19

Fullerenes-

Answer 19

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structure is based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms. An example of this is graphene.

Question 20

Giant Covalent Molecule-

Answer 20

Molecules containing many atoms covalently bonded together.

Question 21

Graphene-

Answer 21

A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites.

Question 22

Graphite-

Answer 22

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms. The atoms form layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between them. There is one delocalised electron per carbon atom which is free to move to carry charge.

Question 23

Group (Periodic Table)-

Answer 23

A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have the similar chemical properties.

Question 24

Intermolecular Forces-

Answer 24

The forces that exist between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular foces impact the physical properies like boiling/melting point.

Question 25

Ion-

Answer 25

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 26

Ionic Bond-

Answer 26

The bond formed between oppositely charged ions when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and the non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negtaively charged ion.

Question 27

Ionic Compound-

Answer 27

Chemical compound formed if oppositely charged ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces.

Question 28

Isotope-

Answer 28

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutons.

Question 29

Lattice-

Answer 29

A repeating regular arragengement of atoms/ions/molecules. This arragement occurs in crystal structures.

Question 30

Limiting Reactant-

Answer 30

The reactant that is completely used up since it limits the amount of products formed.

Question 31

Mass Number-

Answer 31

The total number of protons and neutons in the necleus.

Question 32

Metallic bond-

Answer 32

Th bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and negatively chaged electrons.

Question 33

Metals-

Answer 33

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the table.

Question 34

Mole-

Answer 34

The unit for the amount of substance. The symbol for the unit mole is mol.

Question 35

Molecular Formula-

Answer 35

The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

Question 36

Molecule-

Answer 36

A group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 37

Neutron-

Answer 37

Neutral subatomic particles present in the nucleus of the atom. (Relative mass of 1)

Question 38

Non-Metals-

Answer 38

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the top and right of the periodic table.

Question 39

Period (Periodic Table)-

Answer 39

A row of the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of elelctron shells.

Question 40

Periodic Table-

Answer 40

Table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).

Question 41

Polymers-

Answer 41

Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds.

Question 42

Proton-

Answer 42

Positively charged subatomic particles present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1

Question 43

Realtive Atomic Mass-

Answer 43

An average value that takes into account the aboundances of the isotopes of the element.

Question 44

Relative Formula Mass-

Answer 44

The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula. It is numerically equal to the mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

Question 45

Simple Molecules-

Answer 45

Molecules containing a fixed number of atoms covalently bonded together.

Question 46

Subatomic Particles-

Answer 46

Particles smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons are three of the most common substomic particles.