SC5+SC6+SC7 bonding and types of substances

Question 1

what is electronic configuration

Answer 1

the way in which an atoms electrons are arranged

Question 2

what does the period number represent

Answer 2

the number of shells

Question 3

what does the group number represent

Answer 3

the number of electrons

Question 4

what do compounds ending with -ate have within them

Answer 4

they have 3 or more elements on of which is water

Question 5

what do compounds ending with -ide have in them

Answer 5

they have 2 or more elements one of which is water

Question 6

what are ionic compounds

Answer 6

ionic compounds are compounds held together using strong ionic bonds

Question 7

what are ionic lattices

Answer 7

a 3d structure formed from oppositley charged particles

Question 8

what are the properties of ionic compounds

Answer 8

high melting + boiling points
doesnt conduct electricity unless molten or in an aqueas solution because of its rigid structure which cannot move and electricity is the flow of particles
larger ionic charges produce stronger bonds and therefore have even higher melting/boiling points
brittle and can shatter when hit because same charges repell one another

Question 9

what is covalant bonding

Answer 9

between two non metals
they share the electrons
can be between atoms of the same element
often seen in hydrogen

Question 10

what are simple covelant molecules

Answer 10

molecules which contain a few atoms held together with strong covelant bonds

Question 11

what are the properties of covelant bonds

Answer 11

low melting and boiling points due to weak intermollecular forces
poor electrical conductors since current is a flow of charged particles and since they do not have an overall charge current cannot flow

Question 12

describe polymers vs monomers

Answer 12

polymers
joined by covelant bonds
high melting and boiling points
many individual units joined together

monomers
joined by covelant bonds
small simple molecules
low melting and boiling points

Question 13

name the 4 allotropes of carbon

Answer 13

fullerenes
graphene
graphite
diamond

Question 14

describe the properties of fullerenes

Answer 14

simple molecular
-each carbon atom has bonds to 3 other carbons
-weak intermolecular forces
- insulator of electricity
-low melting point
- soft and slippery

Question 15

describe the properties of Graphene

Answer 15

giant covelant
-a single sheet of carbon
-one atom thick
-covelant bonds make it extemely strong
-conducts electricity due to free flow of electrons across its surface
-high melting point

Question 16

describe the properties of graphite

Answer 16

giant covelant
-weak intermolecular forces between layers (lubricant)
-high melting point
-good conductor
-it has delocalised electrons as it has 3 bonds

Question 17

describe the properties of diamond

Answer 17

giant covelant
- very hard and strong
- has 4 bonds and so is an insulator
-very rigid

Question 18

what are the properties of metals

Answer 18

the atoms are in a tightly packed layers which form lattice structure
the outer electrons are delocalised as they are seperated from the metal to form a ‘sea of electrons’
they conduct heat and electricity as when a metal is heated the delocalised electrons gain kinetic energy and transfer the energy through the metal as they are moving faster
strong but not brittle as when a metal is hit the layers of metal ions are able to slide over one another because electrons are free to move around the metalic bonds so they do not break

ductile
good conductors
high density
shiny until oxidisation
high melting / poiling points
strong/high tensile strength
hard

Question 19

What is metalic bonding

Answer 19

metals bond to form a giant lattice
the outer atoms lose electrons that flow freely and form a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons. this attraction is strong
as the number of delocalised electrons increaces so does the electrical conductivity