Scalp and Superficial Face Brauer

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp?

LO #1

Answer 1

1. Integument
2. Dense CT
3. Aponeurosis
4. Loose CT
5. Pericranium (periosteum)

• SCALP is Pneumonic for Scalp layers!*
• skin is first S

Question 2

Why do cuts to the scalp bleed profusely?

LO #2

Answer 2

Both injuries bleed profusely because the dense CT holds the cut vessels open

• Superficial injury: superficial to aponeurosis doesn’t gap bc aponeurosis holds edges together
• Deep injury: through the aponeurosis and forms gaping wound

Question 3

What innervates the scalp, frontal bone area, and around the eyes??

LO #8

Answer 3

Trigeminal nerve V1 Opthalmic branch

• Supraorbital: begins above eye and travels to top of head
• Supratrochlear: forehead ish area
• Infratrochlear: inferior margin of eye and region of nose

Question 4

What does the maxillary nerve innervate and its branches?

LO #8

Answer 4

Below the eye to the line of the lips

• Infraorbital
• Zygomaticofacial
• Zygomaticotemporal

Question 5

What does the mandibular nerve innervate and branches?

Answer 5

Mandible up to temporal bone not including ear

• Mental: chin
• Buccal: inside of cheek
• Auriculotemporal

Question 6

Which layer of the scalp can an infection spread quickly thorugh?

LO # 3

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Epicranius muscle?

Answer 7

Creates expressions of surprise/fright also called occipitofrontalis

Question 8

Orbicularis Oculi

LO # 5

Answer 8

Orbital and palpebral portions close eyelids

Question 9

Levator Labii Superioris

​LO # 5

Answer 9

LIfts uper lip

Question 10

Zygomaticus major and minor and Levator anguli oris

​LO # 5​

Answer 10

Smiling and laughing

Question 11

Depressor laboii inferioris and depressor anguli oris

​LO # 5

Answer 11

Depresses lower lip

Question 12

Orbicularis

Answer 12

close mouth and pout

Question 13

Buccinator and orbicularis oris

​LO # 5

Answer 13

Buccinator muscles of cheek holds cheek close to teeth

both kissing muscles

Question 14

What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression?

LO #7

Answer 14

Facial Nerve CN VII

Question 15

Describe the autonomics of the Facial nerve, where do the parasympathetics go?

Describe taste function of the facial nerve?

LO #7

Answer 15

Parasympathetics to lacrimal, nasal cavity and sumbandibular and sublingual glands

Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue-chorda tympanii

Question 16

Describe bells palsy, what causes it?

Answer 16

Facial nerve injury, damage due to surgery or infections cause this. Muscle weakness or paralysis and can include the inablitiy to close eyes. These patients are prone to corneal ulceration

Question 17

Masseter

LO #6

Answer 17

• Orign zygomatic arch
• Insertion Lateral ramus and angle of mandible
• Moves jaw closed
• CN V3

Question 18

Medial pterygoid

LO # 6

Answer 18

• Origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and maxilllary tuberosity
• Inserts medial surface mandibular ramus
• Elevatets and protrudes mandible
• CN V3

Question 19

Temporalis

LO #6

Answer 19

• origin floor of temporal fossa and deep temp fossa
• insert coronoid process and ant border of mandible
• Elevate and close mandible contributes to retraction
• CN V3

Question 20

Lateral Pytergoid

LO # 6

Answer 20

• Origin: greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
• Inserts on neck of mandile articular disc and TMJ capsule
• Protracts mandile swings jaw to contralateral side and contributes to lateral chewing
• CN V3

Question 21

What muscles does the trigeminal provide somatic motor innervation to?

LO #7

Answer 21

• Masseter
• Medial & Lateral Pterygoid
• Temporalis
• Mylohyoid
• Anterior digastric
• Tensor tympani
• Levator veli palatini

Question 22

Herpes Zoster

LO #9

Answer 22

chicken pox virus is the initial infection. Lesions are due to reactivation of virus and it can appear anywhere on the body, although it is uaually CN V and the opthalmic division is commonly affected. Usual cornea involved accompanied by painful corneal ulceration

Having shingles vaccine can reduce risk and decrease severity

Question 23

Describe the parotid gland, location, what passes through it and what does it pierce?

LO #4

Answer 23

• Largest serous gland encapsulated by tough fascia
• It runs over the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator and opens on surface of oral cavity near 2nd molar
• Facial nerve passes through the gland (exits stylomastoid foramen innervates stylohyoid and post. digastric)
• Retromandibular vein before it joins posterior auricular vein to make EJV
• ECA enters gland before it splits off to give rise to branches
• Auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3 sensory)

Question 24

Describe Submandibular and Sublingual glands

Answer 24

• Submandibular gland is in the submandibular triangle inferior to mandible it has mixed serous and mucous glands
• Sublingual gland is located within oral cavity beneath tongue, mucous gland

Question 25

Where does the facial artery run and originiate and branches ## Footnote *LO #10*

Answer 25

Branches off of the ECA and gives rise to labial and angular arteries runs posterior to submandibular gland *(Vein is superficial to gland and not tortuous)*

Question 26

Where does occipital artery run originate and branches

Answer 26

Branch from ECA suppleis posterior scalp

Question 27

Posterior auricular arteyr

Answer 27

branch from ECA behind ear

Question 28

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 28

Terminal branch from ECA * ascends anterior to ear region and ends in scalp * supplies facial mucsles and skin of temporal frontal regions

Question 29

Transverse facial artery

Answer 29

Runs with parotid duct and gives zygomatic region vascular supplly branch off of superficial temporal artery * crosses face superficial to masseter and infeior to zygomatic arch * suppplies parotid gland and duct and muscles of skin and face

Question 30

Infraorbital artery

Answer 30

Terminal banch from maxillary artery pops out below eye in the infraorbital forament along with the infraorbital nerve

Question 31

Supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

Answer 31

* Terminal branches of opthalmic artery * Supraorbital passes superiorly from supra orbital foramen * Supratrochlear passes superiorly from supratraochlear notch * both supply mm and skin of forehead and scalp and superior conjunctiva

Question 32

Lymphatics *LO #12*

Answer 32

Superficial cervical nodes are located along EJV and drain superficial tissues of the neck: * submental * submandibular * parotid * mastoid * occipital Inferior deep cervial nodes drain lateral cervical area and goes along SCM: * Jugulo-digastric * Jugulo-omohyoid All drain into nodes and lymphatics running along IJV. Lymphatics join to form lymphatic trunks that form ducts and empty to subclavian vein. Thoracic duct collects most of right side of body and left except left shoulderr and head region. That would be lymphatic duct