scapula

Question 1

Q: What type of bone is the scapula?
A: The scapula is a flat triangular bone.

Q: Where is the scapula located?
A: It is located on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax, extending from the second to the seventh ribs.

Surfaces
Q: Name the two surfaces of the scapula.
A: The costal (anterior) surface and the dorsal (posterior) surface.

Q: What is the main feature of the costal surface?
A: The subscapular fossa, which provides attachment to the subscapularis muscle.

Q: Name the two fossae found on the dorsal surface of the scapula.
A: The supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.

Q: What separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae?
A: The spine of the scapula.

Borders and Angles
Q: Name the three borders of the scapula.
A: The superior border, medial (vertebral) border, and lateral (axillary) border.

Q: Name the three angles of the scapula.
A: The superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle.

Q: Which angle of the scapula contains the glenoid cavity?
A: The lateral angle.

Processes
Q: Name the three processes of the scapula.
A: The spine of the scapula, the acromion process, and the coracoid process.

Q: What is the function of the acromion process?
A: It articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint.

Q: What is the function of the coracoid process?
A: It serves as an attachment point for muscles such as the biceps brachii (short head), coracobrachialis, and pectoralis minor.

Articulations
Q: What joint is formed at the glenoid cavity?
A: The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.

Q: What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
A: It is a ball-and-socket joint.

Q: What stabilizes the glenoid cavity?
A: The glenoid labrum, a fibrocartilaginous structure, and surrounding ligaments and muscles.

Notches and Features
Q: What is the suprascapular notch, and what passes through it?
A: It is a notch on the superior border of the scapula, and the suprascapular nerve passes through it.

Q: Where is the infraglenoid tubercle located, and what attaches to it?
A: It is located below the glenoid cavity, and the long head of the triceps brachii attaches to it.

Q: What is the spinoglenoid notch, and what passes through it?
A: It is a notch between the spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity; the suprascapular nerve and vessels pass through it.

Muscle Attachments
Q: Name the muscles attached to the medial border of the scapula.
A: The serratus anterior, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor.

Q: Which muscle attaches to the supraspinous fossa?
A: The supraspinatus muscle.

Q: Which muscle attaches to the infraspinous fossa?
A: The infraspinatus muscle.

Q: Which muscle attaches to the subscapular fossa?
A: The subscapularis muscle.

Ossification
Q: When does ossification of the scapula begin?
A: Around the 8th week of fetal life.

Q: How many ossification centers are present in the scapula?
A: One primary center for the body and several secondary centers for the processes and borders.

Q: When does ossification of the scapula complete?
A: By the age of 20-25 years.