Scapular region

Question 1

• Common cause: inflammation & calcification of the subacromial bursa (calcific scapulohumeral bursitis)
• pain during 50 degrees to ~130 degrees of abduction • in that range of motion, the tendon of
supraspinatus is in close association with the acromion, compressing the subacromial bursa


Answer 1

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Painful Arc Syndrome

Question 2

• > 95% of dislocations
• Caused by excessive extension & lateral rotation of the humerus OR a forceful blow to the posterior shoulder of an abducted humerus
-if the joint capsule is torn, the humeral head lies inferior to the glenoid cavity & anterior to the infraglenoid tubercle
• can result in damage to AXILLARY nerve & posterior circumflex humeral artery

Answer 2

Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

Question 3

• Plane-type synovial joint – gliding
movement
• connects the clavicle & scapula

Answer 3

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 4

• saddle-type synovial joint
• functions as ball & socket to accommodate
movements of the scapula
• connects the scapula to the thorax via clavicle

Answer 4

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

it is an injury which causes separation of the acromioclavicular joint (AC joint separation or AC separation)• Type I: Torn AC ligament
• Type II: Torn AC ligament with separation
• Type III: Torn AC, coracoclavicular
ligament (trapezoid & conoid ligaments) with separation
—occurs as a result of a downward force being applied to the superior part of the acromion

Answer 5

Shoulder separation

Question 6

The movements of the scapula, clavicle, & humerus work together to achieve full elevation of the arm

Answer 6

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Question 7

Muscles connect the thorax & the scapula
Trapezius
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor
Levator Scapulae
Serratus Anterior

Answer 7

Scapulothoracic muscles

Question 8

paralyzed long thoracic nerve

Answer 8

Winged scapula

Question 9

6 muscles that connect the scapula to the humerus, acting on the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
deltoid
teres minor
teres major

Answer 9

Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder) muscles

Question 10

SITS; make up rotator cuff

Answer 10

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 11

• small part of the greater tubercle of
humerus is torn away (avulsed)
• often due to a fall onto the acromion OR fall on the hand when arm is abducted
• arm is pulled medially by muscles still attached (subscapularis)

Answer 11

Avulsion Fracture of the Greater Tubercle

Question 12

Quadrangular space?

Answer 12

Axillary n.

Posterior circumflex humeral a.

Question 13

Triangular interval?

Answer 13

Radial n.

Deep artery of the arm

Question 14

Triangular space?

Answer 14

Circumflex scapular a.

Question 15

Symptoms:
• inability to abduct arm to or above horizontal (deltoid muscle is compromised) • sensory loss on superolateral aspect of the arm

Answer 15

Axillary nerve injury

Question 16

• formed by the coracoid process,
coracoacromial ligament, & acromion
process
• prevents superior displacement of the
humerus

Answer 16

Coracoacromial arch

Question 17

innervates deltoid & teres minor

Answer 17

Axillary nerve(C5-C6)

Question 18

branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus to

subscapularis and for lower subscapular, to teres major

Answer 18

Upper (C5) and lower (C6) subscapular nerves