sch backwards

Question 1

deciding whether Virgil is ‘pro’ or ‘anti’ Augustus is too reductive, effective propaganda must align with the audience’s beliefs and exps. For Virgil’s readers, the Roman elite, Augustus was deeply tied to the destructive Civil Wars. A skilled propagandist like Virgil would need to carefully balance the wars’ devastation with the potential for positive change under Augustus, rather than ignoring or whitewashing the past.

Answer 1

Morgan - Virgil’s politics + Aug p/a

Question 1

augustus commissioned the aeneid to be an epic poem with himself as the hero

Answer 1

Quinn - Virgil’s politics + Aug com

Question 2

notes that the book 6 pageant of heroes is compared to the illustrious men gallery in the forum of augustus

Answer 2

hardie - Virgil’s politics + Aug pgrf

Question 3

there can be no doubt that a major intention of the aeneid was to glorify virgil’s own country

Answer 3

williams - Virgil’s politics + Aug pat

Question 4

aeneas is a complex character, pious but also a great soldier

Answer 4

gransden - aeneas’ character com

Question 5

aeneas does in warfare what has to be done but is generally deeply unhappy about it

Answer 5

pattie - aeneas’ character rel warrior

Question 6

he is a mere emblematic automaton, a wooden puppet lacking in genuine human emotion

Answer 6

O’Ross - aeneas’ character rob

Question 7

apart form his lapse in book 4 aeneas is pietas’ embodiment

Answer 7

west - aeneas’ character p

Question 8

the end is the fulfilment of anger rather than a pious duty

Answer 8

sowerby - aeneas’ character end

Question 9

virgil uses the trojans compared with others eg carthaginians and greeks to enable the roman reader to work out what roman rlly is

Answer 9

syed - otherness/other nations rom

Question 10

we are not supposed to sympathise with the carthaginians as they are “oriental” and “morally corrupt” and dido makes violent threats.

Answer 10

McLeish - otherness/other nations ca sy

Question 11

the latins are described as animals, primal and animalisatic

Answer 11

saylor - otherness/other nations la

Question 12

venus’ willingness to sacrifice aen if she can save ascanius (council of gods book 10) shows the gods are unsure about the certainty of fate.

Answer 12

Quint - fate, free will and role of immortals sac aen

Question 13

aen carries into battle the prophetic symbol of what is to come

Answer 13

Williams - fate, free will and role of immortals sh

Question 14

describes the poem as a meditation on how there can be so much anger in the hearts of heavenly gods.

Answer 14

west - gods and divine intervention med

Question 15

it is juno who starts the storm and sets the whole poem in motion

Answer 15

Cowan - gods and divine intervention j

Question 16

what happens to dido is an accidental result of scheming among the gods

Answer 16

camps - gods and divine intervention did

Question 17

gender in the aeneid can follow roman stereotypes - associating the feminine with unruly passion, the masculine with reasoned mastery. women destroy, men restore order

Answer 17

Oliensis - women, gender and sexuality

Question 18

all of the powerful women in the aeneid die except lavinia - who doesnt speak

Answer 18

Hall - women, gender and sexuality

Question 19

images of dangerous eastern women remind a roman of cleopatra’s threat to rome’s existence

Answer 19

Hardie - women, gender and sexuality + dido

Question 20

while war must be portrayed somewhat positively as it led to roman empire and pax augustus, virgil is not a man of war and even “hated war” due to its devastation in his contexxt

Answer 20

semple - portrayal of war and peace

Question 21

treatment of battle scenes in virgil is different to iliad. virgil’s descriptions of violent death are presernted to seem unacceptable

Answer 21

Pattie - portrayal of war and peace and iliad

Question 22

aeneas in furor is “a prime embodiment of the values and behaviour of the heroic world of bloodlust, violence, honour, and the senseless pursuit of fame

Answer 22

Boyle - portrayal of war and peace and aeneas furor

Question 23

it is aeneas who loses in the end

Answer 23

Williams - aen’s furor

Question 24

turnus should be read more as a homeric hero. aen motivated by piety and is the reluctant warrior,,, turnus compared to achilles is more seeking kleos and glory

Answer 24

griffin - homeric and roman heroism

Question 25

there are situations where i think we are meant to feel that heroic is not necessarily the nobler ideal

Answer 25

Quinn - homeric and roman heroism nob ideal

Question 26

virgil created a new kind of stoic hero, willing to subordinate his individual will to destiny, and the commonwealth, reluctant to fight and not interested in victory

Answer 26

Gransden - aen as new hero type

Question 27

inspires people to defend their land - female heroism

Answer 27

Ramsby - homeric and roman heroism + camilla

Question 28

the hercules and cacus story is designed to show there is no clear cut struggle between good and evil, questions who is the rightful owner of Geryon's cattle = links to aen +turnus' dispute over lavinia and aug's claim to rule rome

Answer 28

Trotz-Liboff - moral values herc and cacus

Question 29

aen's general concern to facilitate fate is the cornerstone of his pietas.

Answer 29

Mackie - moral values pietas

Question 30

the relationship between father and son is the closest bond in the poem

Answer 30

Sowerby - relationships

Question 31

the aen is dominated by father son figures, aeneas is called pater as often as pious

Answer 31

gransden - relationships

Question 32

he becomes a catalyst for events without meaning to.

Answer 32

Armstrong - Ascanius

Question 33

turnus is either a noble heroic figure, fighting for his country against invaders or he is a savage villain who's death represents ultimate defeat

Answer 33

Braund - turnus

Question 34

by the end of the poem, we feel sympathy for turnus

Answer 34

sowerby - turnus

Question 35

notes he is like a devotus as he understands he is dying for the good of the latin people

Answer 35

morgan - turnus

Question 36

the decision to kill herself is the product of her own character and will

Answer 36

camps - dido

Question 37

women in particular come to symbolise their nations geographically

Answer 37

syed - women general but dido and lav

Question 38

romans felt guilty about fate of carthage so virgil used this to encourage sympathy for dido (symbol of carthage)

Answer 38

farron - dido

Question 39

both delicate and savage, both virginal and fierce

Answer 39

jenkyns - camilla

Question 40

camilla's death is described in the same way as turnus' = female character an especially heroic death/

Answer 40

Pillinger - camilla

Question 41

as a "symbol of lost grace and beauty"

Answer 41

saylor - camilla

Question 42

like dido embodies certain roman virtues but is doomed ot fail as a woman who steps out of traditional gender roles.

Answer 42

Reilly - camilla

Question 43

aeneas from the start is absorbed in his own destiny; he has no choice = aen must follow jupiter's will, even when it causes suffering. fate = dominant force

Answer 43

parry - fate

Question 44

Aeneas is just a "wooden puppet" of fate, lacking real agency or human emotion. =aeneas as a passive figure whose only role is to follow divine commands, removing any personal stakes from his journey but aeneas does show emotions and struggles

Answer 44

O'Ross and rebuttal - fate

Question 45

aeneas is defined by his suffering for others, making him the ultimate "social man" = williams contrasts aeneas with homeric heroes arguing that his piety comes form his committment to others, not personal glory

Answer 45

williams - aen's piety

Question 46

aeneas' shield justifies his violence by linking it to rome's future. = aeneas' piety extends to war, as his duty to fate means that he must fight and conquer inorder to secure rome's destiny

Answer 46

camps - pietas and justification

Question 47

juno's storm in book 1 is not just literal but symbolic of uncontrolled furor = links gods to wider themes of chaos v order, showing how divine intervention disrupts human lives

Answer 47

cowan - juno and gods

Question 48

modern readers feel more sympathy for dido because we lack the ancient belief in divine power = this argument contrasts ancient and modern perspectives, showing how belief in the gods influenced how audiences interpreted events

Answer 48

hardie - dido and gods

Question 49

aeneas' urge to kill is not just heroic but unsettling, especially in book 10 quinn highlights the dark side of heroism, arguing that virgil presents killing as necessary but morally troublying

Answer 49

quinn - aen negative furor

Question 50

nisus and euryalus fail because they are too homeric, prioritising glory over duty = by comparing them to homeric warriors, cown suggests that virgil criticises outdated heroic ideals in favour of more roman values

Answer 50

cowan - heroism focus in aen

Question 51

characters who show greed (euryalus, turnus) are punished with death = this reinforces the idea that heroism must be disciplined and restrined, rather than driven by personal ambition

Answer 51

braund - heroic ideals

Question 52

turnus is an unreformed homeric hero, while aeneas matures into a roman leader = this contrast emphasises that true heroism in the aeneid is about duty, not personal glory

Answer 52

williams - heroism compared