SCH4U - Molecular Shapes

Question 1

Ionic bond?

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

Covalent bond?

Answer 2

A chemical bond in which atoms share the bonding electrons.

Question 3

Bonding electron pair?

Answer 3

An electron pair that is involved in bonding, found in the space
between 2 atoms.

Question 4

Lewis structure?

Answer 4

A diagram that represents the arrangement of covalent electrons and
bonds in a molecule or polyatomic ion.

Question 5

Duet rule?

Answer 5

The observation that the complete outer shell of valence electrons when
hydrogen and period 2 metals are involved in bonding.

Question 6

Octet rule?

Answer 6

The observation that many atoms tend to form the most stable substances
when they are surronded by 8 electrons in their valence shells.

Question 7

Lone electron pair?

Answer 7

A pair of valence electrons that is localized to a given atom but not
involved in bonding.

Question 8

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR)?

Answer 8

A method to determine the
geometry of a molecule based on the idea that electron pairs are as far apart as possible.

Question 9

Electron-pair repulsion?

Answer 9

The repulsive force that occurs between electron pairs, causing
them to be positioned as far apart as possible in a molecule.

Question 10

Non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 10

A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally
between atoms.

Question 11

Polar covalent bond?

Answer 11

A covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally
because 1 atom attracts them more strongly than the other atom.

Question 12

Electronegativity?

Answer 12

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attact shared electrons to itself.

Question 13

Dipole?

Answer 13

A seperation of positive and negative charges in a region in space.

Question 14

Polar molecule?

Answer 14

A molecule that has a net dipole.

Question 15

Non-polar molecule?

Answer 15

A molecule that has only non-polar bonds, or a bond dipole sum of
zero?

Question 16

Hybrid orbital?

Answer 16

An orbital that forms from the combination of at least 2 different orbitals.

Question 17

Hybridization?

Answer 17

The process of forming hybrid orbitals from the combination of at least 2
different orbitals.

Question 18

Sigma bond?

Answer 18

A bond that is formed when the lobes of 2 p orbitals directly overlap end
to end.

Question 19

Pi bond?

Answer 19

A bond that is formed when the sides of the lobes of 2 p orbitals overlap.

Question 20

Intramolecular force?

Answer 20

They are chemical bonds within a molecule. (Intra = “In-between”)

Question 21

Intermolecular Forces?

Answer 21

forces that occurs in between molecules, they can cause large number of molecules to interact.

Question 22

Van der waals forces?

Answer 22

Many types of intermolecular forces, including dipole - dipole
forces, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.

Question 23

Dipole-dipole force?

Answer 23

The intermolecular force that is caused when the dipoles of polar
molecules position their positive and negative ends near each other.

Question 24

Hydrogen bond?

Answer 24

The strong dipole-dipole force that occurs when a hydrogen atom
bonded to a highly electronegative atom (oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) is attracted to a
partially negative atom on a nearby molecule.

Question 25

London dispersion forces?

Answer 25

The intermolecular forces that exist in non-polar molecules;
they increase as the molecular mass increases.

Question 26

Surface tension?

Answer 26

The resistance of a liquid to increase its surface area.

Question 27

Capillary action?

Answer 27

The spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube.

Question 28

Composite material?

Answer 28

A material composed of two or more distinct materials that remain
separate from each other in the solid phase.

Question 29

Metallic crystals?

Answer 29

A solid with closely packed atoms held together by electrostatic
interactions and free-moving electrons.

Question 30

Electron sea theory?

Answer 30

A theory that states that the electrons in a metallic crystal move
freely around the positively charged nuclei.

Question 31

Metallic bonding?

Answer 31

The bonding that holds the nuclei and electrons of metals together.

Question 32

Molecular crystals?

Answer 32

A solid composed of individual molecules held together by
intermolecular forces of attraction.

Question 33

Covalent network crystals?

Answer 33

A solid in which the atoms form covalent bonds in an
interwoven network.

Question 34

Buckyball?

Answer 34

A spherical arrangement of carbon atoms that forms a hollow, cage-like
structure.

Question 35

Carbon nanotube?

Answer 35

A solid made of carbon atoms similar to graphite rolled into a cylinder.

Question 36

Strongest to least bonding

Answer 36

1. Ionic Bonds
   2.Covalent Bonds
   3.Hydrogen bonds
   4.Dipole Dipole
2. LDF