Schaffer and Emerson Flashcards
(17 cards)
What was the main aim of Schaffer and Emerson’s 1964 study?
To identify patterns in the development of attachment in infants
The study involved observing 60 babies over the first 18 months of life.
How many babies were involved in Schaffer and Emerson’s study?
60 babies
The study was longitudinal and observed the infants monthly for 18 months.
What type of setting was used for data collection in the study?
Naturalistic setting
Observations were made in the infants’ homes.
What methods were used to gather data in the study?
Interviews with carers and diaries maintained by mothers
Carers documented attachment development.
What are the key measures of attachment identified in the study?
- Stranger Anxiety
- Separation Anxiety
- Social Referencing
Define Stranger Anxiety.
The infant’s response to the arrival of a stranger, indicating attachment security.
Define Separation Anxiety.
The level of distress experienced when separated from a caregiver, reflecting attachment strength.
Define Social Referencing.
The degree to which infants look to caregivers for cues on how to respond to new situations.
What is the age range for the Asocial Stage of attachment development?
0 – 6 weeks
What characterizes the Asocial Stage?
Infants display a favorable reaction to various stimuli, lacking preference for specific caregivers.
What is the age range for Indiscriminate Attachments?
6 weeks to 7 months
What behavior do infants exhibit during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?
Enjoy human company and respond positively to any caregiver.
At what age do infants typically begin to show Specific Attachments?
7 – 9 months
What marks the transition to Specific Attachment?
Development of a strong preference for a single attachment figure and emergence of anxiety.
What is the age range for Multiple Attachments?
10 months and onwards
What happens during the Multiple Attachments stage?
Infants begin to form multiple attachments with various caregivers.
What is the influence of caregiver responsiveness on attachment quality?
The quality of attachment is influenced more by responsiveness than the amount of time spent together.
