schizophrenia Flashcards
what are the symptoms based on the DSM-5 that two or more must present during a month for schizophrenia?
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganised speech
- grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms
what is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
one that appears to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions (adding symptom)
what is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
is one that appears to reflect diminution or loss of normal functions
what are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
- hallucinations
- delusions
- disordered thoughts
- bizarre behaviour
what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- social. withdrawal
- flat affect
- anhedonia
- alogia
- catatonia
what is flat affect for schizophrenia?
blunted emotional responses
what is anhedonia?
loss of pleasure feelings
what is alogia?
reduced speech output
what is catatonia?
reduced movement
how does a schizophrenic brain change in adolescence?
- developmental change is inappropriate
- remodelling involves loss of structures
- loss of gray matter
how is the hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampus affected in schizophrenia?
- smaller
- disordered hippocampal pyramidal cells
what neurotransmitters are implicated in schizophrenia?
serotonin and GABA
what is overactivity of the mesocorticolimbic pathway in schizophrenia thought to contribute to?
disordered thought emotion and behaviour
what type of symptoms is dopamine thought to contribute to?
positive
what type of symptoms is glutamate thought to contribute to?
positive/negative
