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Year 3 Exams: Psychiatry > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Define Psychosis?

A

Inability to distinguish between symptoms of hallucination, delusion and disordered thinking from reality?

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2
Q

Psychosis is characterised by one or more of?

A

Thought Form Disorder
Delusions
Hallucinations

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3
Q

Delusions present how in Acute Organic Brain Syndrome/Delirium? (3)

A

Persuectory and Evanscent
Fluctate
Worse at Night

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4
Q

Depressive Episode with Psychotic Syndrome present (1)

A

Deregatory Auditory Hallucination

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5
Q

Which drug has been shown to modify course of established schizophrenic illness?

A

Cannabis

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6
Q

What form of cannabis has doubled risk of developing schizophrenia?

A

Skunk

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7
Q

Where are there brain changes in Schizophrenia? (3)

A

Frontal Lobes
Hippocampus
Ventricles

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8
Q

The NMDA Receptor does what in Schizophrenia?

A

Hypofunction

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9
Q

What happens to Gaba Signalling in Schizophrenia?

A

Impairment

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10
Q

Which neurotransmitter is most implicated in Schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

What happens to the MesoLimbic Pathaway in Schizophrenia?

A

DA Overactivity with Pos Symptoms

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12
Q

What happens to the Mesocortical Pathway in Schizophrenia?

A

DA Underactivity with Neg Symptoms

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13
Q

What happens to the Nigrostriatal Pathway in Schziophrenia?

A

D2 Blockade by Antipsychotics associated with Parkinsons

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14
Q

What happens to Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine Pathway in Schizophrenia?

A

D2 Blockade by Antipsychotic which leads to Increased Prolactin Levels

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15
Q

Psychosis affects how many people per 100?

A

1 per 100

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16
Q

Schizophrenia affects which gender most?

A

Both Equal

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17
Q

Age of onset of Schizophrenia?

A

15-35

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18
Q

Age of onset in men for Schizophrenia?

A

28

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19
Q

Age of onset for females for Schizophrenia?

A

32

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20
Q

Type of Hallucinations in Schizophrenia?

A

3rd Person Auditory

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21
Q

What 3 Symptoms are Positive Schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disordered Thinking

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22
Q

What 3 Symptoms are Negative Schizophrenia

A

Apathy
Lack of interest
Lack of emotions

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23
Q

Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia?

A

Impaired Attention
Memory
Executive Function

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24
Q

Name Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia (7)

A 
Thought Broadcasting
Thought Withdrawal
Delusional Perception
Auditory Hallucinations
Delusions of Control
Passive Phenomena
Somatic Passivity
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25
What is thought withdrawal?
Thoughts being taken from head by some external force or person
26
What is delusional perception?
A delusion which arises because of completley unrelated happening in external reality
27
What is somatic passivity?
Delusion that some external force is causing physical sensations which may be hallucinations
28
ICD 10 Classification of Schizophrenia?
More than a month in absence of organic or affective disorder
29
Chromosome 8p is related to what genes in Schizophrenia?
Neuregulin
30
Chromosome 6p is related to what genes in Schizophrenia?
Dysbindin
31
What genetic heart condition is related to Schizophrenia?
Digeorge Syndrome
32
If an identical twin has Schizophrenia, what is the chances of the other twin getting schizophrenia?
50/50 (1 in 2)
33
If a non identical twin has Schizophrenia, what is the chances of the other twin getting schizophrenia?
1 in 8
34
If 1 parent has schizophrenia what is the chance of getting Schizophrenia?
1 in 10
35
What is the Dopamine Hypothesis in Schizophrenia"
Increased Level of Dopamine in Brain
36
What Gynae factors can contribute to Schizophrenia? (4)
Obstetric Complications Maternal Influenza Malnutrition Winter Birth
37
Typical Age of Onset in Schizophrenia in Males?
Onset Age 23
38
Typical Age of Onset in Schizophrenia in Females?
Onset Age 26
39
Population Based Twin Studies have estimated heritability in Schizophrenia as high as?
83%
40
What percentage of patients with Schizophrenia experience ventricular enlargement?
25%
41
What happens to frontal lobe performance in Schizophrenia?
Reduced
42
How to treat first episode of psychosis?
Antipsychotic medication
43
What treatment for treatment resistance schizophrenia?
Clozapine
44
What typical antipsychotics can be used in schizophrenia (3)
Olanzapine Risperidone Clozapine
45
Extrapyramidal side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Parkinisonism | Acute Dystonia
46
What typical antipsychotic can reduce risk of suicide?
Clozapine
47
Side effects of Clozapine (5)
``` Neutropenia Seizures Idiopathic Hyperthermia Weight Gain Hypersalivation ```
48
Psychiatric Drugs can cause what 4 syndromes?
Obesity Weight Gain Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome
49
Clozapine/Olanzapine can cause average of what weight gain in first 10 weeks of treatment?
4kg
50
How often to record BMI on Clozapine/Olanzapine?
Every 6 months
51
People with Schizophrenia are at increased risk of what endocrine condition?
Diabetes
52
Which typical antipsychotics can cause insulin resistance?
Clozapine and Olanzapine
53
Side Effects of Anti-Psychotics? (2)
Hyperprolactinaemia | QTC Prolongation = Torsades de Pointes
54
QTC Prolongation in Antipsychotics can cause what?
Torsade de Pointes
55
Important tests to do before starting Antipsychotics? (2)
BMI | ECG
56
Causes of Hyperprolactinaemia? (4)
Galactorrhoea Menstrual Irregularities Sexual dysfunction Osteoporosis
57
Good Prognostic Factors of Schizophrenia? (3)
No family history Prompt Treatment Good Relationships
58
Suicide risk is how much higher in schizophrenia?
9 Times higher
59
What percentage of substance misuse patients have schizophrenia?
36%
60
Only way to diagnose Schizophrenia?
History Taking
61
Metabolic Syndrome is a Syndrome of (4)
Obesity Hypertension Dyslipidemia Abnormal Glucose Metabolism
62
Metabolic syndrome is how much more common in people with serious mental illness?
2-4 times
63
BP is what in Metabolic Syndrome
>130/85
64
Serum HDL Cholesterol in Metabolic Syndrome is what in males and what in females?
>1.04 Males | >1.29 Female
65
Serum Triglyceride in Metabolic Syndrome is what?
>1.69
66
Fasting Glucose in Metabolic Syndrome is what?
>6.1
67
Waist Circumference is what in Males and What in Females?
>102cm (Male) | >88cm (Female)

Year 3 Exams: Psychiatry (29 decks)

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