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Psyco 239 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A chronic disorder characterized by acute episodes involving a break from reality, as manifested by such features as delusions, hallucinations, illogical thinking, incoherent speech, and bizarre behaviour

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2
Q

What are Bleuler’s 4 A’s?

A

Association = relationships among thoughts become disturbed

Affect = emotional responses become flattened or inappropriate

Ambivalence = hold conflicting feelings toward others

Autism = withdrawal into a private fantasy world that is not bound by principles of logic

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3
Q

What are first rank and second rank symptoms?

A

First rank = primary features of schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions distinctly characterize the disorder

Second rank = symptoms associated with schizophrenia that also occur in other psychological disorders

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?

A

1% of Canadian adults
Fifth leading cause of disability worldwide
Develops in early 20s
Men at slightly higher risk

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5
Q

What is the prodromal phase of schizophrenia?

A

Stage in which the early features or signs of the disorder become apparent
The period of decline in functioning that precedes the development of the first acute psychotic episode

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6
Q

What is the acute phase of schizophrenia?

A

Psychotic symptoms develop, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech and behaviour

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7
Q

What is the residual phase of schizophrenia?

A

Follows an acute phase, characterized by a return to a level of functioning of the prodromal phase

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8
Q

What are delusions of persecution?

A

Believing that someone is out to get you

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9
Q

What are delusions of reference?

A

Believing that people around you are making fun of you

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10
Q

What are delusions of being controlled?

A

Believing that one’s thoughts, feelings, impulses, or actions are controlled by external forces

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11
Q

What are delusions of grandeur?

A

Believing oneself to be Jesus or to be on a special mission

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12
Q

What is thought broadcasting?

A

Believing that one’s thoughts are somehow transmitted to the external world so that others can overhear them

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13
Q

What is thought insertion?

A

Believing that one’s thoughts have been planted in one’s mind by an external source

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14
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

Believing that thoughts have been removed from one’s mind

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15
Q

What is thought disorder?

A

A breakdown in the organization, processing, and control of thoughts

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16
Q

What are neologisms?

A

The coining of new words

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17
Q

What is preservation?

A

Persistent repetition of the same thought or train of thought

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18
Q

What is clanging?

A

Stringing words together that rhyme

19
Q

What is blocking?

A

Involuntary abrupt interruption of speech or thought

20
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus

21
Q

What are the types of hallucinations?

A

Visual/auditory
Tactile/somatic
Gustatory/olfactory
Command hallucinations

22
Q

What are the causes of hallucinations?

A

Too much dopamine action in the brain

23
Q

What is catatonia?

A

Gross disturbances in motor activity and cognitive functioning

24
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Hallucinations 
Delusions
Thought disorder 
Disorganized speech 
Disorganized behaviour
25
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Deficits or behavioural deficiencies 
Social-skills deficits 
Social withdrawal 
Flattened affect 
Poverty of speech and thought 
Psychomotor retardation 
Failure to experience pleasure
26
Q

What is the psychodynamic perspective of schizophrenia?

A

Overwhelming of the ego by primitive sexual or aggressive drives or impulses from the id causes primary narcissism or a regression to an early period in the oral stage

27
Q

What do primitive impulses cause as laid out by the psychodynamic theory?

A

Causes bizarre, socially deviant behaviour and give rise to hallucinations and delusions

28
Q

What is the learning perspective of schizophrenia?

A

Behaviour may result from a lack of social reinforcement which leads to gradual detachment from the social environment and increased attention to an inner world of fantasy

29
Q

What are the genetic factors of schizophrenia?

A

Cross fostering studies examine differences in prevalence among adoptions reared by adoptive parents or biological parents

30
Q

What are the biochemical factors of schizophrenia?

A

Have a greater than normal number of dopamine receptors in their brains or have receptors that are overly sensitive to dopamine

31
Q

What are neuroleptic drugs?

A

Block dopamine receptors

32
Q

How would viral infections cause schizophrenia?

A

Slow-acting virus that attacks the developing brain of a fetus or newborn child can damage it

33
Q

Vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia?

A

Children born with a vitamin D deficiency have a 44% higher risk of later developing schizophrenia

34
Q

Brain abnormalities and schizophrenia?

A

Loss or thinning of brain tissue, especially in the prefrontal cortex
Abnormally enlarged ventricles
Abnormal brain functioning

35
Q

What is the schizophrenogenic mother?

A

Cold, aloof, but also overprotective and domineering

36
Q

What is the double-bind communications theory?

A

The transmission of contradictory or mixed messages

37
Q

What is communication deviance?

A

Unclear, vague, disruptive, or fragmented parental communication

38
Q

What is expressed emotion?

A

Hostile, critical, and unsupportive of the schizophrenic family member

39
Q

What medications treat schizophrenia?

A

Antipsychotic drugs
Phenothiazines
Haloperidol

40
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia/

A

Movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities caused by long-term use of antipsychotic drugs

41
Q

What are learning-based methods of treating schizophrenia?

A 
Selective reinforcement of appropriate behaviour 
Withdrawal of attention 
Token economy 
Social skills training 
CBT
42
Q

What are the methods of psychosocial rehabilitation for schizophrenia?

A

Self help groups
Family intervention programs
Community programs
Early intervention programs

43
Q

What are the Canadian treatment guidelines for schizophrenia?

A

Comprehensive model of care

  • antipsychotic medications
  • psychoeducational programs
  • medical care
  • crisis intervention
  • CBT
  • housing

Psyco 239 (13 decks)

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