Schizophrenia

Question 1

positive symptoms

Answer 1

changes in behaviors/thoughts that were added after onset of schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, movement disorders (e.g., tics)

Question 2

onset and prevalence worldwide

Answer 2

0.2%-1.5%

often develops in early adulthood

can emerge at any time

Question 3

prodromal phase

Answer 3

• 85% patients experience

1-2 yrs before serious symptoms

less severe symptoms:
- magical thinking
- illusions
- isolation
- lack of interest
-

Question 4

delusions

Answer 4

inability to maintain cognitive control

ex: somatic concern (theres ants in my blood)

Question 5

hallucinations

Answer 5

experience of sensory events without environmental input

most common: auditory

Broca’s area activates during auditory hallucinations

Question 6

Stroke in Wernicke’s part of brain effects

Answer 6

• tone sounds like language but doesnt make coherent sense
• ppl themselves usually think make sense

Question 7

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 7

• really hard to produce speech
• physically unable to produce sounds

Question 8

Brocas vs Wernicke’s area

Answer 8

Broca - speech production

Wernicke- hearing/speech comprehension

Question 9

Negative symptoms

Answer 9

lessening or absence of normal behaviors after onset of schizophrenia

ex: avolition, alogia, affective flattening, anhedonia, asociality, catatonia, catalepsy

Question 10

avolition

Answer 10

inability to start on goal-oriented tasks

Question 11

alogia

Answer 11

inability to speak

Question 12

anhedonia

Answer 12

lack of pleasure

Question 13

asociality

Answer 13

lack of interest

Question 14

catatonia

Answer 14

contorting body into a position and it staying rigid at rest

• lack of response to instructions
• mimicking others’ speech or movements
• mutism, stupor, maintaining same pose for hrs

Question 15

catalepsy

Answer 15

waxy flexibility

Question 16

disorganized symptoms

Answer 16

erratic speech or emotions

• inappropriate affect and disorganized behavior
• Cognitive slippage
• Tangentiality
• Loose associations

Question 17

cognitive slippage

Answer 17

• illogical and incoherency speech

Question 18

tangentiality

Answer 18

• going off on a tangent

Question 19

loose associations

Answer 19

• conversations in unrelated directions (go off on tangents. Like starting to say rhyming words)

Question 20

Positive thought disorder(PTD)

Answer 20

speech (and thinking) may be:
○ Tangential
○ Loosening of associations
○ Blocking (stopping in the middle of a sentence)
○ Word salad (saying a lot of words but doesn’t make sense)

Question 21

schizophrenia divided in previous dms

Answer 21

divided into subtypes based on content of psychosis (ex: paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated, residual)

Question 22

male vs. female

Answer 22

females tend to have better long term prognosis

onset slightly earlier for males

affect both about equally

Question 23

twin studies

Answer 23

greater risk if identical twin has schizophrenia

Question 24

dopamine hypothesis

evidence
- for
- against

Answer 24

schizophrenia is the effect of too much dopamine

for: drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) result in schizophrenia-like behavior. drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) reduce schizophrenic- like behavior

against: many ppl are not helped by dopamine blockers (nonspecific blockers often work better)

Question 25

dopamine blockers can

Answer 25

cause parkinsons like symptoms like tremors - effects can be permanent - tardive dyskinesia

Question 26

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 26

unable to control lips and tongue and smack

Question 27

behavioral marker

Answer 27

smooth pursuit eye movement - show reduced ability to track moving object with their eyes

Question 28

causes

Answer 28

enlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volume hypofrontality - less active frontal lobes - one of the major dopamine pathways

Question 29

post mortem morphology

Answer 29

cellular disorganization in hippocampus and anterior cingulate

Question 30

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 30

- psychotic symptoms lasting less than 6 months - relatively goof functioning - most resume normal lives - 0.2% prevalence

Question 31

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 31

Mood disorder placed on top of ppl with schizophrenic symptoms - Can be depressive or manic Ppl don’t tend to get better on their own

Question 32

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 32

Mood disorder placed on top of ppl with schizophrenic symptoms - Can be depressive or manic Ppl don’t tend to get better on their own

Question 33

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 33

- positive symptoms of schizophrenia or disorganized symptoms - lasts less than a month - typically precipitated by trauma or stress

Question 34

Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome

Answer 34

- Refers to individuals who are at high risk for developing schizophrenia or beginning to show signs of schizophrenia Meds help mostly with positive symptoms