Schizophrenia Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
what does atypical antipsychotics act on
A
- serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine neurotransmitters
- lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia
2
Q
where do typical antipsychotics act
A
- dopamine system
3
Q
where do auditory hallucinations occur
A
- wernickes area
4
Q
when is the onset of schizophrenia
A
late adolescence or early adulthood
5
Q
what is the suicide risk percentage
A
10%
6
Q
what is the dopamine hypothesis
A
- hyperactice transmission in mesolimbic pathways
- hypoactive transmission in prefrontal cortex
7
Q
what is schizophrenia
A
spectrum of conditions that involve psychosis
8
Q
what is high levels of dopamine in the brain related to
A
positive symptoms
9
Q
what generation is typical antipsychotic meds
A
first generation
10
Q
what generation are atypical antipsychotic medications
A
second
11
Q
what do drugs do for schizophrenia
A
reduce dopamine activity
12
Q
what causes parkinsonism
A
- low levels of dopamine in the brain due to antipsychotic medictaions
13
Q
what causes NMS and what treats it
A
- dopmaine antagonist (antiphyschotics)
- bromocriptine
14
Q
typical is helpful for:
A
- positve symtpoms
15
Q
treatment for dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia
A
- anticholinergic agents
16
Q
treatment for akathisia
A
- beta blockers or benzodiazepines
17
Q
tardive dyskinesia
A
- sucking and smacking movements of lips
- chewing motion
- involuntary muscles used
18
Q
structural brain differecnes in schizophrenia
A
- reduced brain volume
- reduced grey and white matter
- enlarged lateral and thrid ventricles
- increased CSF
19
Q
somatic
A
- something is wrong with physical body (dont have own head)
20
Q
serotinin syndrome onset
A
- 24 hours
21
Q
serotinin syndrome cause and symptoms
A
- serotonin agonist
- hyperreactivity (tremours, reflexes)
22
Q
SE of antipsychotics (6)
A
- orthostaic hypotension
- sedation
- anticholingergic side effects
- weight gain
- blood disorders (clozapine)
- movement disorders
23
Q
safety concerns
A
- stabilizing actue phase
- suicide risk
- isolation
24
Q
referential (delusions)
A
- think everything happening around you is about you (people talking)
25
psychosocial treatments
- increwasing social skills
- enchancing insight
- imporve problem solving
- independence and QOL
26
psychosis
- disconnection from reality
- can happen with other mental healt disorders or drug induced
27
Psychophramacology antipsychotics MOA
- block dopamine receptors (D2) in brain
28
prodrome
- time bewteen onset and treatment
- vague early signs
- not noticable
29
positive symptoms
- reflect an excess or distorition of normal function
30
phases of schizophrenia
- prodrome
- acute
- recovery
31
persecutory
- being watched, plotted against, fearful of others, paranoid
32
Nursing assesment
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- personal hygeine
- negative symptoms
- level of fucntioning
33
neuropleptic malignant syndrome diagnostics
- hyperthermia
- exposure in 72 hours
- onset usually 10 days
- mental staus alteration
- BP irregularities
34
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) onset and symptoms
- days-weeks
- bradyreflexia, severe muscular rigidity
35
negative sympotms charatersitics
- blunted affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia
36
Negative sympotms
- reduced affective expresion
- reduced social intercations
- blunted mood
37
how does schizophrenia affect a person?
affects how you think, feel, and behave
38
how do you treat serotonin syndrome
- benzodiazepine, cyproheptadine
- resolves in 24 hours
39
How do indivudals experience schizophrenia
each symptom is different in everyone.
each episode in someone is different
40
hallucinations
- perception experiences that occur without external stimuli
- auditory is most common
41
grandiose (delusion)
- has powers, influence, great importance
42
glutamine abnormalities may explain:
negative symptoms
43
genetic risk for schizophrenia
- close family has it
- genes
44
examples of positiove symptoms
- hallucinations
- delusions
- disorganized speech
- bizare behvaior
45
environmental risk for schizophrenia
- child birth complications
- inflammation or increased autoimmune system activation
- cannabis use during adolescence
- stress
46
DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia
must have 2 or more symptoms for 1 month and impairs daily functioning
47
delusions
- fixed beliefs that dont change
- persicutory, somatic, religous, grandiose
48
caring for acute phases
- establish relationship
- promote trust
- dont agree or disagree wiht delusions or hallucinations
- adminster medications
49
atypical antipshychotics are helpful for
- positve and negative symptoms as it acts on more neurotransmitters
50
antipsychotic induced movement disorders
- psuedoparkinsonism
- acute dystonia
- akathisia
- Tardive dyskonesia
51
anhednoia
- lack of interest in lifes daily activities
52
akathisia
- restless
- constant movement
53
acute phase
- clear psychotic symptoms
- hallucinations, dleusion, confused thinking
54
acute dystonia
- facial grimacing
- involuntary eye movements (upward)
- muscle spasms
- laryngeal spasm
