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Flashcards in Schizophrenia Deck (21)
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0
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Cause: too much dopamine being released
Typical onset 20-30 years old
Hereditary involvement
Thought to be a neuro developmental disorder that isn’t expressed till later in life
Positive symptoms: can be see (hallucinations)
Negative symptoms (loss of initiative, emotional responsiveness)

1
Q

Psychoses

A

Mental disorders characterized by disturbances in thought, mood, sense of self and relations to external world and bx

Distorted or non existant sense of reality

2
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms from…

A

Excessive DA function in mesolimbic system

3
Q

Schizophrenia negative symptoms from…

A

Deficits in DA function in mesocortical system

4
Q

Antipsychotics best treat ____ symptoms

A

Positive

5
Q

Mesolimbic-mesocortical system

A

Emotional and cognitive circuitry

Drugs reduce abnormal responses

6
Q

Nigrostriatal pathway

A

Voluntary motor control

Drugs can produce Parkinson’s like effects

7
Q

Tubero-infundibular (hypothalamus)

A

Regulation of hormone release,nemesis

Drugs can produce hyperprolatctemia, reduce vomiting

8
Q

Chlorpromazine

A
Typical antipsychotic 
Lower affinity for D2 receptors
Lower potency 
Increased sedative effects
Orthostatic hypotension 
Low risk of EPSE
9
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antidepressants
Higher affinity for D2 receptors
Higher potency
Low incidence of hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, weight gain
EPSE more likely
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome greater risk

10
Q

Mechanism of action for typical antidepressants

A

Antagonists at D2 receptors
Highly lipid soluable
Highly bound to plasma proteins
First pass metabolism in the liver if given orally

11
Q

Adverse effects of typical antipsychotics

A

Muscarinic effects
Alpha antagonist effects - orthostatic hypotension
Seizures

12
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects

A
Result from taking dopamine antagonists:
Reversible
     Akinesia (lack of movement)
     Dystonia (muscle spasms of face, neck, back)
     Dyskinesia (blinking, twitching)
     Akathisia (can't sit still)
Irreversible
     Tardive dyskinesias - uncontrolled movements of the face, neck,         extremities
13
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Happens with haloperidol
Hyperthermia, diffuse muscular rigidity, diaphoresis

Resembles severe form of Parkinsonism

14
Q

Neuro endocrine effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

Hyperprolatctemia
Sexual dysfunction
Weight gain

15
Q

Atypical antipsychotic agents

A

More effective negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms
About equally as effective against positive symptoms

Increased risk of weight gain, developing type II diabetes

Clozapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Apriprazole

16
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Extremely low incidence of EPSE
Effective in pts resistant to typical antipsychotics

17
Q

Adverse effects of clozapine

A

Hyperlipdemia, hyperglycemia, weight gain

Agranulocytosis!

18
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Broadly effective against positive and negative symptoms
Hypotension w/ high doses

sedation
GI problems
Tremors

19
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, weight gain
Hypertension

20
Q

Ariprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Newer agent
Not associated w/ hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia, weight gain