Schizophrenia 2

Question 1

Type 1 schizophrenia…

Answer 1

Acute form, characterised by positive symptoms and responsive to medication

Question 2

Positive symptoms…

Answer 2

The displaying of behaviours involving loss of touch with reality: hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders

Question 3

Type 2 schizophrenia…

Answer 3

Chronic type characterised by negative symptoms and unresponsive to medication

Question 4

Negative symptoms…

Answer 4

The displaying of behaviours involving disruption of normal emotions and actions: avolition, psychomotor disturbances, disturbances of effect & thought process disorders

Question 5

Hallucinations…

Answer 5

The perception of something being real that doesn’t truly exist

Question 6

Delusions…

Answer 6

A false belief that is resistant to confrontation with the truth

Question 7

Poverty of speech..

Answer 7

A negative symptom, characterised by brief replies to questions and minimal elaboration

Question 8

Avolition…

Answer 8

A general lack of energy, resulting in the loss of goal - directed behaviour

Question 9

Diagnosis…

Answer 9

Identification of the nature and cause of illness

Question 10

DSM-5…

Answer 10

Diagnostic classification system produced in the USA

Question 11

ICD-10…

Answer 11

Diagnostic classification system produced by the world health organisation

Question 12

Reliability…

Answer 12

Consistency of diagnosis

Question 13

Validity….

Answer 13

Accuracy if diagnosis

Question 14

Co-morbidity…

Answer 14

The presence of one or more additional disorders or diseases simultaneously occurring with schizophrenia

Question 15

Culture bias…

Answer 15

The tendency to over diagnose members of other cultures as suffering from schizophrenia

Question 16

Gender bias…

Answer 16

The tendency for diagnostic criteria to be applied differently to males and females and for there to be differences in the classification of disorder

Question 17

Symptom overlap…

Answer 17

The perception that symptoms of schizophrenia are also symptoms of other mental disorders

Question 18

Genetic explanation…

Answer 18

Transmission of abnormality by hereditary means

Question 19

Dopamine hypothesis…

Answer 19

That the development of schizophrenia is related to abnormal levels of the hormone and neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 20

Neural correlates…

Answer 20

That the development of schizophrenia is related to structural and functional brain abnormalities

Question 21

Family dysfunction…

Answer 21

The idea that dysfunctional family relationships and patterns of communication are related to the development of schizophrenia

Question 22

Cognitive explanations…

Answer 22

The idea that the development of schizophrenia is related to maladaptive thought processes

Question 23

Dysfunctional thought processes…

Answer 23

The idea that the development of schizophrenia is related to abnormal ways of thinking

Question 24

Drug therapy…

Answer 24

Chemical treatments of abnormality through tablets and intravenous means

Question 25

Typical antipsychotics...

Answer 25

The original neuroleptic drugs created in the 1950's to treat schizophrenia

Question 26

Atypical antipsychotics...

Answer 26

A class of neuroleptic drugs produced later to treat schizophrenia

Question 27

Family therapy...

Answer 27

Treatment of schizophrenia by alternation of communication systems within families

Question 28

Token economies...

Answer 28

A method of behaviour modification that reinforces target behaviours by awarding tokens that can be exchanged for material goods

Question 29

Interactionist approach...

Answer 29

The idea that schizophrenia results from a combination of psychological, biological and social factors

Question 30

Diathesis - stress model...

Answer 30

The idea that individuals have varying genetic potentials for schizophrenia that combine with the degree of environmental stressors in their lives to form their actual amount of vulnerability to the disorder

Question 31

List the positive symptoms...

Answer 31

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour

Question 32

List the negative symptoms...

Answer 32

Lack of emotional expression, lack of interest, lack of interest in the world, speech difficulties and abnormalities

Question 33

Test - retest reliability...

Answer 33

When the same clinic diagnosis an individual multiple times

Question 34

Inter - rater reliability...

Answer 34

When different clinics diagnose and individual with the same diagnosis

Question 35

Typical drugs include...

Answer 35

Chlorpromazine. Work as antagonists in the dopamine system. Block receptor sites on the post - synaptic neurone and reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions

Question 36

Typical antipsychotics also effect the anit-cholinergic neurotransmitters. The side effects are...

Answer 36

Dry mouth, urinary problems, constipation and visual disturbance

Question 37

Typical antipsychotics also affect the noradrenergic neurotransmitters. Side effects include...

Answer 37

Low blood pressure, Sexual dysfunction, nasal congestion

Question 38

Long term use of typical antipsychotics can lead to...

Answer 38

15% of sufferers developing tardive dyskinesia, which can lead to permanent uncontrollable muscle movements around the mouth

Question 39

One atypical antipsychotic is clozapine, which is more effective than typical antipsychotics. In addition to acting on the dopamine system, what other systems does it work on?

Answer 39

Serotonin and glutamine receptors, which helps improve the mood and reduce depression and anxiety in patients.

Question 40

Side effects of atypical antipsychotics are...

Answer 40

Weight gain, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 41

Study supporting effectiveness of antipsychotics...

Answer 41

Davis et Al (1989) - performed a meta analysis of over 100 studies, comparing antipsychotics with placebos. Found drugs to be effective with 75% of sufferers treated with typical antipsychotics. Condition was improved within 6 weeks. Fewer than 25% of the placebo group improved in the same time frame.

Question 42

Study about the side effects of discontinuing treatment...

Answer 42

Lieberman et Al (2005) - compared the effectiveness of typical and atypical antipsychotics in 1,432 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Found 74% of patients discontinued their treatments due to the side effects of the drugs.