schizophrenia

Question 1

distortions of (4)?

Answer 1

thoughts, perceptions, behaviour, emotion

Question 2

3 kinds of thought disorder

Answer 2

thought insertion, thought withdrawl, thought broadcasting

Question 3

what is thought blocking?

Answer 3

disruption in chain of thought

Question 4

what are neologisms?

Answer 4

made up terms for objects (paper skate - pen)

Question 5

what is apathy?

Answer 5

lack of feelings/care about things

Question 6

some emotional symptoms?

Answer 6

anhedonia (sums on board), blunting affect (robot) - lack of emotional sensitivity, incongruent affect (laughing at sad story), lack of motivation (big things), lack of interest in relationships/being sociable, lack of social skills. LIMITED RANGE OF EMOTION)

Question 7

how do thoughts feel?

Answer 7

passively concentrated and compressed

Question 8

what are positive symptoms? who are they not seen in?

Answer 8

healthy people. delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder

Question 9

how long do you need to have symptoms to be dx?

Answer 9

1 moth(month)

Question 10

typical auditory hallucinations?

Answer 10

3rd person hallucination, running commentary, thoughts being spoken aloud

Question 11

what is a delusional perception?

Answer 11

a normal perception that someone thinks has a special meaning to them i.e. phone ringing three ties means something or seeing a cloud means someone is telling them to save the world

Question 12

which symptoms respond better to treatment?

Answer 12

POSITIVE SYMTPMS

Question 13

negative symptoms?

Answer 13

apathy - lack of interest/enthusiasm/concern
lack of violation (decision making process
social withdrawl
cognitive impairment)

Question 14

typical age of onset in men and women?

Answer 14

15-25 in males, 25-35 in females. associated with lower socioeconomic class

Question 15

hallmarks of psychosis?

Answer 15

hallucinations, delusions and disorder of the form of thought

Question 16

what is psychosis ?

Answer 16

inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality
Characterised by lack of insight

Question 17

second person auditory hallucination?

Answer 17

voices directly address patient

Question 18

third person auditory hallucination ?

Answer 18

discuss patient or give running commentary on them

Question 19

what type of hallucination is bugs crawling under skin?

Answer 19

somatory

Question 20

Behaviour is experienced as being controlled by an external agency rather than by the individual

Answer 20

passivity phenomenon (governement)

Question 21

what are self referential experiences?

Answer 21

think that things have a relevence to them - tv transmitting messages to them

Question 22

who is schizophrenia more common in

Answer 22

males of lower social class

Question 23

what kind of obstetric complications can cause it?

Answer 23

• 2nd trimester viral infectin, pre eclampsia, hypoxia), childhood CNS infections, early cannabis use, urban upbringing.

Question 24

psychological causes ?

Answer 24

stress, adverse life events, use of psychoactive drugs

Question 25

neurochemical changes in schizophrenia?

Answer 25

Changes in dopamine signalling within the brain, with this being confirmed by the fact that anti psychotics target dopamine receptors (not a simple increase or decrease but probably a combination of both in different parts of brain )

Question 26

histologically, there is a lack of ?

Answer 26

gliosis

Question 27

structural changes in brain?

Answer 27

ventricular enlargement and alteration of CSF flow decreased amount of healthy white matter decrease in great matter volume

Question 28

negative symptoms ?

Answer 28

apathy, social withdrawal, self neglect, poverty of thought, reduced social performance blunted and incongruent affect

Question 29

positive symptoms ?

Answer 29

delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder.

Question 30

o Mutism, stupor, posturing, negativism, command automatism. ♣ Posturing: maintenance of odd postures. ♣ Negativism: resistance to command or attempts to be moved. Command automatism: will do whatever you ask them to what type of schizophrenia?

Answer 30

Catatonic

Question 31

disorganised schizophrenia?

Answer 31

thought disorder, odd behaviour, odd delusions

Question 32

what is the most common type of schizophrenia?

Answer 32

paranoid

Question 33

first rank symptoms are bad indicator. what are they

Answer 33

passivity, delusional perception, thought insertion etc

Question 34

Diagnosis?

Answer 34

Clinical | one psychotic symptom and negative symptoms and thought disorder which have been present for one month

Question 35

what is first line treatment of schizophrenia?

Answer 35

oral atypical antipsychotics

Question 36

what should be offered to all patients?

Answer 36

CBT

Question 37

why monitor cardiovascular risk factors in schizophrenia?

Answer 37

high rates of CVD linked to anti psychotic medication and high smoking rates