Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the global significance of schizophrenia in terms of disability?
Schizophrenia is one of the top 20 causes of disability worldwide
What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?
The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is approximately 0.7%
How does schizophrenia affect mortality and life expectancy?
Schizophrenia is associated with increased mortality and a shortened lifespan, with standardized mortality ratios 2 to 4 times higher than the general population
Which health-related factors contribute to the increased mortality in schizophrenia?
Obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, reduced engagement in health maintenance (e.g., diet, exercise), and disparities in access to preventive health care and treatment for physical conditions
What common co-occurring psychiatric disorders are found with schizophrenia?
Common co-occurrence of other psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs)
What is the approximate suicide rate among persons with schizophrenia?
Suicide occurs in about 4% to 10% of persons with schizophrenia
What is a key challenge in treating schizophrenia related to healthcare access?
A lack of access to adequate psychiatric treatment is a major challenge
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Negative symptoms include apathy, anhedonia, and cognitive blunting
What is neuroleptic dysphoria in the context of schizophrenia?
Refers to an adverse emotional state associated with antipsychotic medication use
What are some known etiological and risk factors for schizophrenia?
Genetic factors, neurobiological abnormalities (such as dopamine hypothesis and glutamate dysfunction), environmental influences (stress, trauma, substance abuse), and neurodevelopmental factors
How are schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders diagnosed?
They remain clinical diagnoses with no tests sensitive or specific enough for diagnostic purposes, relying on clinical assessment
What role do laboratory and neuroimaging tests have in psychotic disorders?
They are used to exclude secondary psychotic disorders caused by general medical conditions or substance use
What types of secondary psychotic disorders should be considered in diagnosis?
Psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition, catatonic disorder due to a general medical condition, and substance-induced psychotic disorder
What tools are used in the diagnosis and assessment of schizophrenia?
Diagnostic and rating scales for schizophrenia and neuropsychological tests
What are the two main types of pharmacotherapy used for schizophrenia?
First-Generation (Typical) antipsychotics and Second-Generation (Atypical) antipsychotics
What is the role of clozapine in schizophrenia treatment?
Clozapine is used specifically for treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Which psychosocial interventions are helpful in schizophrenia management?
Individual therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and social skills training
What are the characteristics of brief psychotic disorder?
One or more psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech) lasting > 1 day and < 1 month
2x more common in women in 30s
What are the symptoms of schizophreniform disorder?
Two or more psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech) lasting > 1 month and < 6 months
Deluison disorder is characterized by…
One or more delusions continuing for at least 1 month
What is a schizoaffective disorder?
Episode of mania or major depression concurrent with delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech
Symptoms persist after the mood episode ends
