schizophrenia and related disorders

Question 1

schizophrenia general

Answer 1

chronic psychotic disorder characterized by a range of cognitive, behavioral, perceptual, and emotional dysfunction
has positive and negative symptoms

Question 2

positive symptoms

Answer 2

addition of things that are abnormal

Question 3

negative symptoms

Answer 3

lack of something considered typical
e.g., emotion, pleasure, social withdrawal

Question 4

delusions

Answer 4

individual may not find their delusions to be a problem, but people around them might

Question 5

delusions examples

Answer 5

false beliefs
fixed beliefs not amenable to change that represent disturbed thought content
persecutory delusions
referential delusions
grandiose delusions
erotomanic delusions
nihilistic delusions
somatic delusions
thought broadcasting
thought insertion
thought withdrawal

Question 6

persecutory beliefs (delusions)

Answer 6

belief that an individual may be hurt or harassed by an individual, group, or organization

Question 7

referential beliefs (delusions)

Answer 7

beliefs that gestures, comments, and other environmental cues are directed at the individual

Question 8

grandiose beliefs (delusions)

Answer 8

when an individual beliefs that they have exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame that they don’t have

Question 9

erotomanic delusions

Answer 9

believes falsely that another person is in love with them

Question 10

nihilistic delusions

Answer 10

conviction that a major catastrophe will occur

Question 11

somatic delusions

Answer 11

preoccupations with health and organ functioning in particularly odd ways

Question 12

thought broadcasting

Answer 12

belief that one’s thoughts are somehow transmitted to the external world so that others can see or hear them

Question 13

thought insertion

Answer 13

believes one’s thoughts have been planted into one’s mind by some external source(s)

Question 14

thought withdrawal

Answer 14

belief that one’s thoughts have been removed from one’s mind by some external sources

Question 15

hallucinations

Answer 15

false sensory perceptions; full force and have the same impact as normal perceptions
occur WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL STIMULUS

Question 16

auditory hallucinations

Answer 16

most common hallucination type
usually experienced as voices which may be familiar or unfamiliar

Question 17

hallucination types

Answer 17

auditory
visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
command
somatic

Question 18

tactile hallucinations

Answer 18

skin sensations

Question 19

command hallucinations

Answer 19

experiences that they are being commanded to behave in a particular way

Question 20

somatic hallucinations

Answer 20

feelings within the body, or bodily functioning that isn’t there - usually very odd

Question 21

presentations of disorganized thinking and speech

Answer 21

illogical thoughts
derailment or loose associations
tangentiality
incoherence/word salad

Question 22

derailment/loose associations

Answer 22

disorganized speech where an individual switches between topics that don’t go together logically

Question 23

tangetiality

Answer 23

disorganized speech when an individual is in conversation and their answers to questions have nothing to do with the questions being asked

Question 24

negativism

Answer 24

resistance to instruction associated with schizophrenia

Question 25

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 25

diminished emotional expression (flat affect) lack of volition (less self-initiated purposeful activities) diminished speech output anhedonia asociality

Question 26

diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 26

two or more of: delusions hallucinations disorganized speech grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms **symptoms present for at least 6 months

Question 27

phases of schizophrenia

Answer 27

1. prodromal - gradual deterioration, no hallucinations or delusions 2. acute - hallucinations, delusions, illogical thinking, incoherent speech 3. residual phase - return to normal levels of symptoms more similar to prodromal phase

Question 28

psychodynamic theory: schizophrenia

Answer 28

ego being overwhelmed by Id individual regresses back to oral stage due to internal conflict no effective treatment from this perspective

Question 29

learning theory: schizophrenia

Answer 29

potential causes are learning through modeling or reinforced behavior

Question 30

family theories: schizophrenia

Answer 30

schizophrenigenetic mother - cold and distant

Question 31

genetic evidence for schizophrenia

Answer 31

concordance rates more common in monozygotic twins

Question 32

biochemistry theory: schizophrenia

Answer 32

dopamine hypothesis - irregularities in the brain's use of dopamine medications related to dopamine as a treatment support this

Question 33

viral infections: schizophrenia

Answer 33

flu in the first trimester of pregnancy link

Question 34

brain abnormalities: schizophrenia

Answer 34

structural - prefrontal cortex brain circuitry - connections to various areas within the brain and limbic system

Question 35

diathesis stress model - schizophrenia

Answer 35

protective factors can stop stress and diathesis from leading to schizophrenia

Question 36

treatment approaches: schizophrenia

Answer 36

antipsychotic meds - block dopamine receptors (side effect - tardive dyskinesia) learning theory - selective reinforcement, token economy psychosocial rehabilitation family intervention

Question 37

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 37

side effect to long term antipsychotic use frequent eye blinking, involuntary movements, tremors, involuntary chewing, lip smacking, etc.

Question 38

schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Answer 38

brief psychotic disorders (NOT chronic) schizophreniform disorder - lasts less than 6 month, schizophrenic-like symptoms delusional disorder - persistent, clearly delusional beliefs as the primary symptoms (no other schizophrenia symptoms)

Question 39

other psychotic disorders

Answer 39

schizoaffective disorder erotomania

Question 40

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 40

schizophrenic features and severe mood disturbances

Question 41

erotomania

Answer 41

believes they're loved by someone (usually famous)