schizophrenia and related disorders Flashcards
(19 cards)
what cluster does schizotypal personality disorder belong to?
cluster a (odd-eccentric)
what are key features of schizotypal personality disorder?
social anxiety, eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, unusual speech, and discomfort with close relationships
how does schizotypal personality disorder differ from schizophrenia?
schizotypal lacks full-blown psychosis like persistent hallucinations or delusions and generally maintains better reality testing
what is the hallmark feature of delusional disorder?
presence of one or more non-bizarre, fixed delusions lasting at least 1 month
how is the daily functioning of someone with delusional disorder typically affected?
it is generally not significantly impaired aside from areas impacted by the delusion
how long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder?
more than 1 day but less than 1 month, with full return to previous functioning
what symptoms can occur in brief psychotic disorder?
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
what is a common trigger for brief psychotic disorder?
a major stressor such as trauma, postpartum period, or sudden loss
what distinguishes schizophreniform disorder from schizophrenia?
the duration — schizophreniform lasts between 1 and 6 months, while schizophrenia lasts 6 months or more
what symptoms are shared between schizophreniform disorder and schizophrenia?
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and negative symptoms
what percentage of schizophreniform cases eventually develop into schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder?
about two-thirds
what is the minimum symptom duration required for a schizophrenia diagnosis?
6 months, including at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms
what are the five main symptom categories in schizophrenia?
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms
how are positive symptoms different from negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
positive symptoms add abnormal experiences (like hallucinations or delusions), while negative symptoms involve loss of normal function (like flat affect or social withdrawal)
what neurotransmitter is most implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
dopamine (often hyperactive in certain brain pathways)
what combination of symptoms defines schizoaffective disorder?
features of schizophrenia (like delusions or hallucinations) along with mood disorder symptoms (depression, mania, or both)
how must psychotic symptoms appear in relation to mood symptoms to meet criteria for schizoaffective disorder?
psychotic symptoms must occur for at least 2 weeks without any mood symptoms
what is catatonia, and in what disorders can it occur?
a syndrome of abnormal motor behavior that can occur in schizophrenia, mood disorders, or medical conditions
what are effective treatments for catatonia?
benzodiazepines (especially lorazepam) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
