Schizophrenia: Overview Flashcards
(15 cards)
1
Q
What is schizophrenia
A
- a severe mental disorder where contact with reality and insight are impaired
2
Q
Who does schizophrenia effect
A
- about 1% of the population of the world
- more common in men than women
3
Q
What are the two major systems for the classification of mental disorders
A
- ICD-10
- DSM - 5
4
Q
How does the DSM-5 system classify schizophrenia compared to the ICD-10
A
- one of the so called ‘positive symptoms’ (delusions, hallucinations etc) must be present for a diagnosis
- 2 or more negative symptoms are sufficient under ICD-10
5
Q
How does the ICD-10 differ from DSM-5 when identifying types of schizophrenia
A
- ICD-10 recognises a range of subtypes of schizophrenia
- paranoid schizophrenia - characterised by powerful delusions and hallucinations
- catatonic schizophrenia - defined by disturbance to movement, leaving a person immobile or overactive
6
Q
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A
- atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences
- e.g. hallucinations and delusions
7
Q
What are hallucinations
A
- sensory experiences of stimuli that have either no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are there
8
Q
What are delusions
A
- beliefs that have no basis in reality
- e.g. that the person with schizophrenia is someone else or they are a victim of a conspiracy
9
Q
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia
A
- atypical experiences that represent the loss of a usual experience such as clear thinking or ‘normal’ levels of motivation
- e.g. a lotion and speech poverty
10
Q
What is avolition
A
- loss of motivation to carry out tasks - results in lowered acirtvity levels
- andreason I defined 3 signs of avolition - poor hygiene, lack of energy and lack of persistence
11
Q
What is speech poverty
A
- involves reduced frequency and quality of speech
12
Q
What are the three evaluation points for schizophrenia overview
A
- reliability
- Validity
- symptom overlap
13
Q
Outline ‘reliability’ as an evaluation point for schizophrenia overview
A
- reliability means consistency. An important measure of reliability is inter rater reliability
- researchers have found that when psychiatrists d independently diagnosed 100 people using the ICD-10 and the DSM-5 criteria, inter rater reliability was poor
- one diagnosed 44 with schizophrenia under ICD-10 and the other diagnosed 24
14
Q
Outline ‘validity’ as an evaluation point for schizophrenia overview
A
- validity - the extent to which we measure what we intend to measure
- one way to assess validity of a diagnosis is criterion validity (do different assessment systems arrive at the same diagnosis?)
- research suggests schizophrenia is more likely to be diagnosed using ICD than DSM
- so it is either over diagnosed in ICD or under diagnosed in DSM
15
Q
Outline ‘symptom overlap’ as an evaluation point for schizophrenia overview
A
- there is significant overlap between symptoms of Schizphrenia and other conditions
- e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involve positive symptoms like delusions
- under ICD a person might be diagnosed with schizophrenia but under DSM they may be diagnosed with bipolar disorder
