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ADN 213 > Schizophrenia Spectrum & Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Spectrum & Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • a psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thought processes, perception and affect invariably resulting in a severe deterioration of social and occupational functioning
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2
Q

Stages of schizophrenia: premorbid phase

A

Those that occur before there is clear evidence of illness

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3
Q

Stages of schizophrenia: prodromal phase

A

More clearly manifest as signs of the developing illness of schizophrenia

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4
Q

Stages of schizophrenia: schizophrenia

A

Active phase, psychotic symptoms are present

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5
Q

Stages of schizophrenia: residual phase

A

Symptoms absent

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6
Q

Schizophrenia - manifestations

A

2 or more of the following symptoms for a significant portion of a 1 month period of time:

  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms
  • level of functioning in one or more major areas has decreased
  • disturbance persists for > 6 mos.
  • other disorders must be ruled out
  • disturbances cannot be attributed to substance abuse or med. cond.
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7
Q

Delusional disorder

A

The presence of delusions for at least 1 month

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8
Q

Delusional disorder: erotomanic type

A

Individual believes that someone, usually of a higher status, is in love with them

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9
Q

Delusional disorder: grandiose type

A

Individuals have irrational ideas regarding their own worth, talent, knowledge or power

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10
Q

Delusional disorder: jealous type

A

The individual believes their partner is unfaithful

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11
Q

Delusional disorder: persecutory type

A

Individuals believe they are being persecuted or malevolently treated in some way

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12
Q

Delusional disorder: somatic type

A

Individuals believe they have some kind of medical condition

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13
Q

Delusional disorder: mixed type

A

Delusions are prominent, but no single theme is predominant

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14
Q

Delusional disorder - manifestations

A
  • delusions for at least one month
  • no hallucinations
  • no overly-bizarre behavior
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15
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A
  • identified by the sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that may or may not be preceded by a severe psychological stressor
  • symptoms last at least 1 day, but less than 1 month
  • eventual return to premorbid function
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16
Q

Brief psychotic disorder - manifestations

A
  • sudden onset of psychotic symptoms
  • individual experiences emotional turmoil or overwhelming perplexity or confusion
  • catatonic features may occur
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17
Q

Substance- or medication-induced psychotic disorder

A
  • prominent hallucinations and delusions directly attributable to substance intoxication or withdrawal
  • dx made when symptoms are more excessive than usual intoxication or w/d symptoms
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18
Q

Substance- or medication-induced psychotic disorder - manifestations

A
  • prominent hallucinations and delusions
    • medical hx, physical exam or lab findings suggesting that s/s occurred in association with a substance intoxication or w/d or exposure to a med or toxin
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19
Q

Catatonic disorder d/t another medical condition

A
  • when the symptomology is evidenced from health hx, physical assessment, or lab data
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20
Q

Psychotic disorder d/t another medical condition

A

Prominent hallucinations and delusions that can be attributed to another medical condition

21
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Like schizophrenia, except the duration is > 1 month or < 6 mos.

22
Q

Schizphreniform disorder - manifestations

A
  • s/s same as schizophrenia

- catatonic features may be noted

23
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A
  • characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions
  • the diagnosis is made when the person has features of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder—either bipolar disorder or depression—but does not strictly meet diagnostic criteria for either alone
  • decisive factor = presence of hallucinations and/or delusions for at least two weeks without a major mood episode
24
Q

Schizoaffective disorder - manifestations

A
  • manifested by s/s of schizophrenia
  • also a strong element of symptomology associated with mood disorders, depression or mania
  • client may appear depressed w/ psychomotor retardation and suicidal ideation
  • euphoria
  • grandiosity
  • hyperactivity
25
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A
  • pattern of pervasive mistrust/suspicion of others

- misinterpretation of others’ moments as malevolent

26
Q

Paranoid personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • being constantly on guard/hypervigilant
  • being ready for any real or imagined threat
  • appear tense and irritable
  • have a hard exterior
  • avoid interactions with others
  • over sensitive
  • “test” the honesty of others
  • do not accept responsibility for own behaviors/actions
27
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • characterized by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships with others
  • individuals with this disorder are often seen as isolated or lonely
28
Q

Schizoid personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • appear cold, aloof and indifferent
  • typically have a long hx of engaging in primarily solitary activities
  • engage more with animals than people
  • prefer isolation
  • appear shy, anxious or uneasy to others
29
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • once described as “latent schizophrenia”

- behavior is odd and eccentric, but does not decompensate to level of schizophrenia

30
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • aloof and isolated
  • magic thinking, ideas of reference illusions and depersonalization part of their everyday world
  • speech pattern is sometimes bizarre
  • under stress, may decompensate and show psychotic symptoms
31
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative and guiltless behavior that reflects a general disregard for the rights of others

32
Q

Antisocial personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • individuals exploit and manipulate others for personal gain
  • are unconcerned for obeying the law
  • have difficulty sustaining enjoyment and developing stable relationships
  • often associated with substance abuse
33
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Characterized by a pattern of intense and chaotic relationships with affective instability and fluctuating attitudes toward others

34
Q

Borderline personality disorder - manifestations

A

Individuals are impulsive, directly and indirectly self-destructive and lack a clear sense of identity

35
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A
  • colorful, dramatic and extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional people
  • they require constant affirmation of approval and acceptance from others
36
Q

Histrionic personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • individuals tend to be self-dramatizing, attention seeking, overly gregarious and seductive
  • they use manipulative and exhibitionistic behaviors in their demands to be the center of attention
  • have an all-consuming need for approval and strive to be conspicuous and evoke affection or attract attention at all costs
  • somatic complaints not uncommon
  • fleeting episodes of psychosis may appear during stress
37
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A
  • people have an exaggerated sense of self-worth

- they lack empathy and are hypersensitive to the evaluation of others

38
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder- manifestations

A
  • individuals appear to lack humility
  • are overly self-centered and exploit others to fulfill their own desires
  • are “superior beings”, entitled to special rights and privileges
  • usually optimistic, relaxed, carefree
  • mood can easily change when challenged d/t fragile self esteem
39
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A
  • individual is very sensitive to rejection and consequently may lead a very socially resolved life
  • may strongly desire a relationship, but extreme shyness and fear of rejection creates need for unusually strong assurances of unconditional acceptance
40
Q

Avoidant personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • awkward and uncomfortable in social situations
  • may be perceived as timid, withdrawn or cold and strange
  • those close to them learn of their sensitivities, touchiness, evasiveness and mistrustful qualities
41
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Characterized by lack of self-confidence and extreme reliance on others to take responsibility for them

42
Q

Dependent personality disorder - manifestations

A
  • individuals have a notable lack of self-confidence that is often apparent in their posture, voice and mannerisms
  • assume passive and submissive roles in all relationships
  • avoid positions of responsibility and are easily hurt by criticism
43
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A
  • individual has an intense fear of making mistakes
  • manifests in inflexible and perfectionist behavior
  • no evidence of obsessive-compulsive rituals
44
Q

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: manifestations

A
  • individuals inflexible and lack spontaneity
  • social behavior tends to be polite and formal
  • are very “rank conscious”
  • appear calm and controlled
  • underneath lies a great deal of ambivalence, conflict and hostility
45
Q

Interventions for schizophrenia

A
  • individual psychotherapy
  • group therapy
  • behavior therapy
  • social skills training
  • family therapy
  • assertive community treatment
  • the recovery model
  • RAISE
  • psychopharmacology (typical and atypical antipsychotics)
46
Q

Interventions for personality disorders

A
  • individual psychotherapy
  • milieu or group therapy
  • cognitive behavior therapy
  • dialectical behavior therapy
  • psychopharmacology
47
Q

Schizophrenia and personality disorders - client and family education: nature of the illness

A
  • what to expect as the illness progresses
  • symptoms associated with the illness
  • ways for family to respond to behaviors associated with the illness
48
Q

Schizophrenia and personality disorders - client and family education: management of the illness

A
  • connection of exacerbation of symptoms to times of stress
  • appropriate med management
  • side effects of meds
  • importance of not stooping meds
  • when to call HCP
  • relaxation techniques
  • social skills training
  • daily living skills training
49
Q

Schizophrenia and personality disorders - client and family education: support services

A
  • financial assistance
  • legal assistance
  • caregiver support groups
  • respite care
  • home health care

ADN 213 (14 decks)

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