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Pathophys II - Exam 3 > Schoenwald - Renal and Bladder 2 > Flashcards

Schoenwald - Renal and Bladder 2 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

painless hematuria

A

bladder ca

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2
Q

most cases of asymptomatic hematuria are caused by __

dt __ abnormalities

A

glomerular dz

basement membrane

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3
Q

mc cause of asymptomatic hematuria

A

IgA nephropathy → immune complex formation

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4
Q

3 other common causes of asymptomatic hematuria

A

henoch-schonlein purpura

alport-syndrome

thin basement membrane dz

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5
Q

mc primary cause of GN

15-35 yo

defect in production and clearance of IgA

A

IgA nephropathy

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6
Q

IgA nephropathy is associated w. what 2 conditions

A

celiac

henoch schonlein purpura

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7
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of crescentic GN

A

light microscopy findings of IgA nephropathy

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8
Q

granular pattern w. IgA and complement

A

immunofluorescence findings of IgA nephropathy

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9
Q

IgA mediated vasculitis

3-8 yo

recent strep/viral infxn

A

henoch schonlein purpura

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10
Q

sx of henoch schonlein purpura (3)

A

GI bleeding

abdominal pain

arthralgias

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11
Q

classic rash of henoch schonlein purpura

A

palpable purpura on legs and buttocks

non blanchable

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12
Q

4 categories of tubulointerstitial dz

A

acute tubulointerstitial dz

acute interstitial nephritis

chronic tubulointerstitial dz

acute tubular necrosis

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13
Q

acute renal failure over days to weeks

hematuria

A

acute tubulointerstitial dz

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14
Q

if d.t drug rxn, acute tubulointerstitial dz sx include (4)

A

rash

fever

eosinophilia

elevated IgE

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15
Q

microscopic findings of acute interstitial dz (3)

A

edema of cells

neutrophils

focal necrotizing infiltrates

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16
Q

causes of acute tubulointerstitial dz (4)

A

drugs

systemic infxns

primary renal infxns

immune d.o

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17
Q

what drugs are associated w. acute tubulointerstitial dz (4)

A

penicillins

rifampin

sufonamides

ciprofloxacin

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18
Q

systemic infxns associated w. acute tubulointerstitial dz (4)

A

legionnaire dz

strep infxn

CMV

mono

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19
Q

primary renal infxn associated w. acute tubulointerstitial dz

A

acute bacterial pyelonephritis

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20
Q

immune d.o associated w. acute tubulointerstitial dz (2)

A

SLE

sjorgen’s

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21
Q

non infectious cause of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

A

acute interstitial nephritis

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22
Q

AIN is mc caused by

A

drugs → penicillins, sulfonamides

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23
Q

interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages/eosinophils, +/- giant cells and granulomas

A

microscopy findings of AIN

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24
Q

sx of AIN (5)

A

hematuria

ARF

rash

eosinophilia

proteinuria

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25
renal insufficiency, anemia, htn, non-nephrotic proteinuria occurring over years
chronic tubulointerstitial dz
26
common cause of AIN
analgesic nephropathy (NSAIDs)
27
cellular infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and macrophages interstitial fibrosis
chronic tubulointerstitial dz microscopy findings
28
causes of chronic tubulointerstitial dz (6)
urinary tract obstruction chronic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy drugs vascular dz heavy metals malignancies
29
drugs associated w. chronic tubulointerstitial dz (3)
NSAIDs cisplatin cyclosporine
30
lead, cadmium
chronic tubulointerstitial dz
31
malignancy associated w. chronic tubulointerstitial dz
MM
32
rapid onset of necrosis of tubular epithelium w. subsequent loss of acute loss of renal fxn
acute tubular necrosis
33
mc cause of ARF
ATN
34
protein casts in urine - Tamm Horsfall protein
ATN
35
causes of ATN (2)
ischemia/blood loss/sepsis drugs
36
what drugs are associated w. ATN (6)
AG IV contrast mercury ethylene glycol poisoning hyperuricemia
37
stages of ATN
initiating maintenance recovery
38
maintenance stage of ATN starts w.in hr of initiating event and is characterized by __ (2)
w.in 24 hr of initiating event → oliguria renal flow slows to \< 400 mls of urine
39
recovery stage of ATN (2)
increased urine output → up to 3L lyte disturbances → increased mortality
40
sx of diabetic nephropathy (3)
microvascular changes → accelerated degeneration nephritic syndrome arteriosclerotic changes → ischemia
41
sx of cystitis (4)
dysuria frequency/urgency suprapubic discomfort (+) leukocyte esterase and nitrates
42
inflammation of kidney dt infxn
acute pyelonephritis
43
2 causes of acute pyelonephritis (2)
ascending infxn hematogenous spread
44
mc pathogens associated w. acute pyelonephritis (3)
e.coli proteus enterobacter
45
sx of acute pyelonephritis
acute onset f/c rigors back pain w. CVA tenderness **white cell casts**
46
rf for acute pyelonephritis (3)
obstruction vesicoureteral reflux DM lesions, trauma, pregnancy, intercourse
47
complications of acute pyelonephritis (2)
emphysematous pyelonephritis papillary necrosis
48
what type of pyelonephritis is caused by e.coli, is common in diabetics, and leads to gas production
emphysematous
49
what type of pyelonephritis is caused by ischemia, infxn, and obstruction
papillary
50
pt pop at risk for papillary acute pyelonephritis
ssa
51
mc type of kidney stone
calcium oxalate
52
only radiolucent stone, associated w. leukemia and lymphoma
uric acid stone
53
staghorn calculi; associated w. proteus, providencia, pseudomonas
struvite stone
54
fluid filled benign cysts in cortex
simple cysts
55
hereditary dz; often manifests during adulthood; htn, chronic uti; complication is berry aneurysms and SAH
polycystic kidney dz
56
2 mc types of renal neoplasm
renal cell carcinoma Wilms tumor → kids
57
3 rf for renal cell carcinoma
smoking cadmium → gold mines chronic dialysis
58
mc histiologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma
clear cell
59
renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the \_\_ and metastasizes to the \_\_
renal vein heart
60
renal cell carcinomas can produce \_\_, resulting in polycythemia
erythropoietin
61
triad of renal cell carcinoma
hematuria flank pain palpable mass (10% of pt)
62
polycythemia hypercalcemia htn
renal cell carcinoma → paraneoplastic syndrome
63
benign small outpouchings/evaginations of bladder wall caused by bladder outlet obstruction
bladder diverticula
64
bladder diverticula are a rf for
bladder stones
65
impairment of bladder fxn as a result of various conditions → increased risk of chronic infxn
neurogenic bladder
66
major cause of neurogenic bladder
MS
67
innervation of the bladder
68
transitional cell carcinoma is same-same
bladder ca
69
3 rf for transitional cell carcinoma
smoking NSAIDs chronic cystitis
70
what type of transitional cell carcinoma can be removed w.o removing whole bladder
papillary
71
schistosomiasis (S hematobium) is linked w.
squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Pathophys II - Exam 3 (8 decks)

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