School Flashcards
(24 cards)
What were the 2 speech codes?
The restricted code
The elaborated code
What is the restricted code?
Working class use it normally
Limited vocabulary
Short unfinished grammatically simple sentences
Descriptive not analytic
Speaker assumes the listener had the same set of experiences
What is the elaborated code?
Middle class use it normally Wider vocabulary Longer grammatically complex sentences Communicates abstract ideas Context free
Why do these codes put working class at a disadvantage and middle at an advantage?
Elaborated code is used by teachers text books and exams Makes middle class feel at home at school making them more likely to succeed
What is a criticism to Bernstein speech codes?
Working class are failing because they are culturally deprived because school is not teaching them how to use the elaborated code
Who believed working class out less value on education?
Douglas 1964
Who said parents education was the most important factor affecting children’s achievement
Leon Feinstein 2008
Who believes parental interest reflects the subculture values and says there are four key features of the working class subculture that act as a educational barrier and what are they?
Bart Sugarman 1970 Fatalism Collectivism Immediate gratification Present time orientation
Who says cultural deprivation is a myth and sees it as victim blaming
Nell Keddie 1973
Marilyn Howard said what?
Working class have less vitamins so have more days off school for illness and therefore failure in school is more likely
Working class children are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour like fighting which will disrupt their schooling according to who?
Jo Blanden and Stephen Machin 2007
Who talks about the cost of free schooling
David Bull 1980
Who found nearly 2000 prospective students survey found working class are more debt averse
Claire Callender and Jon Jackson 2005
Who argues that not cultural and maternal factors contribute to educational achievement
Pierre Bourdieu 1984
Who came up with labelling theory ?
Howard Becker 1971
Who did a study on the self for filling prophecy in oak community school and found that 47% of the “spurters” made significant progress?
Robert Rosenthal and Leonora Jacobson
Who does studies on streaming and talks about it?
Gillborn and Youdell
Who talks about pupil subcultures?
Colin Lacey
Peter woods says there are what responses to labelling and streaming?
Ingratiation (teachers pet)
Ritualise (going through motions and staying out of trouble)
Retreatism (mucking about/daydreaming)
Rebellion (reject everything school stands for)
Who criticise labelling theory for ignoring wider structures of power within which labelling takes place?
Marxists Because teachers work in a system that reproduces class divisions
Who has symbolic capital?
Middle class which is deemed worthwhile and has value
Who said that working class pupils felt like that to be successful in education they would have to change how they leaked and presented themselves
Archer
Who argued that schools middle class habits stigmatised working class pupils identities while middle class see their Nike identities and tasteless?
Archer
Who talked about speech codes?
Basil Bernstein 1975
